ECOLOGICALLY UNEQUAL EXCHANGE DAN PRODUKSI INSEKURITAS: ANALISIS ANCAMAN KEAMANAN MANUSIA DALAM PERDAGANGAN E-WASTE DI GHANA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54314/jssr.v9i3.6596Keywords:
e-waste, Ghana, Ecologically Unequal Exchange, Human Security, Multidimensional InsecurityAbstract
Abstract: The research findings show that ecological inequality in the e-waste trade operates as a mechanism for producing human insecurity. Through environmental cost-shifting, appropriation of environmental space, and underdevelopment, the ecological burden transferred to Ghana develops into a critical and pervasive threat to the human vital core, thereby disrupting the environmental security, health security, and economic security of local communities. Thus, the e-waste trade not only reproduces global ecological inequality, but also reproduces multidimensional insecurity at the human level.
Keywords: e-waste; Ghana; Ecologically Unequal Exchange; Human Security; Multidimensional Insecurity
Abstrak: Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketimpangan ekologis dalam perdagangan e-waste beroperasi sebagai mekanisme produksi insekuritas manusia. Melalui environmental cost-shifting, appropriation of environmental space, dan underdevelopment, beban ekologis yang dipindahkan ke Ghana berkembang menjadi ancaman yang bersifat critical adan pervasive terhadap vital core manusia sehingga mengganggu environmental security, health security, dan economic security masyarakat. Dengan demikian, perdagangan e-waste tidak hanya mereproduksi ketimpangan ekologis global, tetapi juga mereproduksi insekuritas multidimensional pada tingkat manusia.
Kata kunci: Limbah Elektronik; Ghana; Ecologically Unequal Exchange; Keamanan Manusia; Ancaman Multidimensi
Downloads
References
Adom, R. K., & Simatele, M. D. (2025). Electronic waste and environmental sustainability in Ghana: Aligning national policies with the sustainable development goals. Geo: Geography and Environment,
(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.70032 Adomako, E. E. A., Raab, A., Norton, G. J., &
Meharg, A. A. (2023). Potential Toxic Element (PTE) Soil Concentrations at an Urban Unregulated Ghanaian E-waste Recycling Centre: Environmental Contamination, Human Exposure and Policy Implications. Exposure and Health, 15(3), 677–686.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-022-00516-x
Alkire, S. (2003). Human Security.
Baldé, C. P., Angelo, E. D’, Luda, V., Deubzer, O., & Kuehr, R. (2022). Global Transboundary E-waste Flows Monitor 2022.
Basel Action Network. (2024, March 28). BAN Warns of an Increase in Illegal E-waste Exports from the US to Malaysia. https://myemail.constantcontact.com/BAN
-Warns-of-an-Increase-in-Illegal-E-waste-Exports--from-the-US-to-Malaysia.html?soid=1114999858498&aid
=qfxg2NcDTCs
Creswell, J. W. (2009). RESEARCH DESIGN
Qualitatif, Quantitative, and Mix Methods
Approaches (Third). SAGE Publications, Inc.
E waste Monitor. (2024). Executive Summary. Fani Oktaria Br Ginting, G., Susiatiningsih, R. H., & Hanura, M. (2022). Ekspor Limbah
Elektronik dari Beberapa Negara Eropa ke Ghana dalam Perspektif Imperialisme Ekologi. In Journal of International Relations (Vol. 8). http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jihiWebsite:http:// www.fisip.undip.ac.id
Finn, B. M., Cobbinah, P. B., & Gounaridis, D. (2025). The informal paradox: electronic waste and the toxic circular economy in Ghana. Npj Urban Sustainability, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-025-00299-5
Forkuo, E., Alexander, A., Tsikudo, K. A., & Bowman, J. (2016). Recyclers at risk? Analysis of e-waste livelihoods and blood lead levels at Ghana’s recycling hub, Agbogbloshie.
Gracia, L., Damanik, S., Nisfa Makhroja, M., & Husni, V. (2019). Upaya Pemerintah Ghana Dalam Menangani Kasus Limbah Elektronik (Studi Kasus: Degradasi Lingkungan Agbogloshie Akibat E-Waste). www.basel.int/portals/4/basel
Grant, R., & Oteng-Ababio, M. (2021). Formalising E-waste in Ghana: An emerging landscape of fragmentation and enduring barriers. Development Southern
Jurnal Pena Edukasi ISSN 2407-0769
Vol. 4 No. 2, Maret 2017 e-ISSN 2549-4694
Africa, 38(1), 73–86.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2020.18 23822
ILO. (2025). Recycling. https://www.ilo.org/topics-and-sectors/recycling
Issah, I., Arko-Mensah, J., Agyekum, T. P., Dwomoh, D., & Fobil, J. N. (2022). Health Risks Associated with Informal Electronic Waste Recycling in Africa: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 14278.
https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH192114278 Njoku, A., Agbalenyo, M., Laude, J., Ajibola, T.
F., Attah, M. A., & Sarko, S. B. (2024).
Environmental Injustice and Electronic Waste in Ghana: Challenges and Recommendations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21010025
Pola Anto, R., Nikmatullah Nur, Ms., Si, S., Sc Yusriani, M., Fenni Kurniawati Ardah, Mk., Juwita Desri Ayu, Sp., Adi Nurmahdi, Mk., Baiq Ahda Razula Apriyeni, M., Purwanti, Ms., Narita Yuri Adrianingsih, M., & Miftah Fariz Prima Putra, Ms. (2024). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: Teori Dan Penerapannya.
Rice, J. (2007). Ecological unequal exchange: Consumption, equity, and unsustainable structural relationships within the global economy. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 48(1), 43–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/002071520707215 9
Rice, J. (2009). The transnational organization of production and uneven environmental degradation and change in the world economy. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 50(3–4), 215–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/002071520910514 0
SBC e-Waste Africa Project. (n.d.). Ghana e-Waste Country Assessment. Retrieved May
, 2026,
https://www.basel.int/portals/4/basel%20c onvention/docs/ewaste/e-wasteassessmentghana.pdf
Sustainable Recycling Industries. (2025). SRI in Ghana. https://www.sustainable-recycling.org/programme-results/ghana/
The International Telecommunication Union. (2025). Statistics. https://www.itu.int/itu-d/reports/statistics/2025/10/15/ff25-internet-use/
UN Trade and Development. (2024, July).
Digital Economy Report 2024. https://unctad.org/publication/digital-economy-report-2024
UNDP. (1994). Human Development Report 1994. Human Development Reports.
UNEP. (2018, September 24). Turning e-waste into gold: the untapped potential of African landfills. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/turning-e-waste-gold-untapped-potential-african-landfills
UNITAR. (2024). THE GLOBAL E-WASTE
MONITOR 2024. https://www.itu.int/itu-d/sites/environment.
United Nations Institute for Training and Research. (2024). Global e-Waste Monitor 2024: Electronic Waste Rising Five Times Faster than Documented E-waste Recycling. https://unitar.org/about/news-stories/press/global-e-waste-monitor-2024-electronic-waste-rising-five-times-faster-documented-e-waste-recycling
World Health Organization. (2024a, October). Electronic waste: Digital dumpsites and children’s health.
World Health Organization. (2024b, October).
Electronic waste (e-waste). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/electronic-waste-%28e-waste%29?
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Anggi Regina C, Fajar Imam Zarkasyi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
