SEKTOR BASIS DAN SEKTOR UNGGULAN PEREKONOMIAN KALIMANTAN BARAT: ANALISIS LOCATION QUOTIENT, SHIFT-SHARE, DAN TIPOLOGI KLASSEN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54314/jj4p7d91Keywords:
location quotient, sektor basis, sektor unggulan, shift-share, tipologi KlassenAbstract
Abstrak: Perekonomian Kalimantan Barat tumbuh 4,92 persen per tahun pada 2021–2025, lebih cepat daripada rata-rata nasional, tetapi bukti terkini mengenai sektor yang mendorong pertumbuhan tersebut masih terbatas. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi sektor basis dan sektor unggulan provinsi menggunakan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto atas dasar harga konstan 2010 untuk 17 lapangan usaha pada 2020–2025, yang dibandingkan dengan Nilai Tambah Bruto nasional. Analisis Location Quotient, Shift-Share, dan Tipologi Klassen digabungkan menjadi satu skor. Tujuh sektor merupakan sektor basis, dipimpin oleh pertanian, kehutanan, dan perikanan (LQ 1,827). Komponen daya saing Shift-Share bernilai positif sebesar Rp4.816,4 miliar, dengan perdagangan sebagai penyumbang terbesar, dan enam sektor berada pada kuadran maju dan tumbuh cepat. Enam sektor memenuhi ketiga kriteria, yaitu pertanian, perdagangan, konstruksi, jasa pendidikan, jasa kesehatan, dan pengadaan air, dengan tiga sektor pertama menyumbang 47,88 persen perekonomian daerah. Industri pengolahan, sektor terbesar kedua, merupakan sektor nonbasis, tidak berdaya saing, dan relatif tertinggal, yang menunjukkan bahwa komoditas masih diolah di luar provinsi. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan daerah perlu memprioritaskan sektor unggulan terkuat sambil mempercepat hilirisasi kelapa sawit, karet, dan bauksit.
Kata Kunci: location quotient; sektor basis; sektor unggulan; shift-share; tipologi Klassen.
Abstract: The economy of West Kalimantan grew at an annual rate of 4.92 percent between 2021 and 2025—outpacing the national average—yet current evidence regarding the specific sectors driving this growth remains limited. This study identifies the province’s base sectors and leading sectors by analyzing the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at constant 2010 prices across 17 economic activities from 2020 to 2025, benchmarked against national Gross Value Added (GVA). A composite score was derived by integrating Location Quotient (LQ) analysis, Shift-Share analysis, and Klassen Typology. Seven sectors were identified as base sectors, led by agriculture, forestry, and fisheries (LQ 1.827). The competitiveness component of the Shift-Share analysis yielded a positive value of IDR 4,816.4 billion, with the trade sector serving as the largest contributor; furthermore, six sectors were classified as "advanced and rapidly growing." Six sectors met all three criteria—agriculture, trade, construction, education services, health services, and water supply—with the first three accounting for 47.88 percent of the regional economy. The manufacturing industry, the second-largest sector, was categorized as a non-base, uncompetitive, and relatively lagging sector, suggesting that commodities are still being processed outside the province. Consequently, regional policy should prioritize the strongest leading sectors while accelerating the downstream processing of palm oil, rubber, and bauxite.
Keywords: location quotient; base sector; leading sector; shift-share; Klassen typology
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