Portal Jurnal Ilmiah
Goretan Pena

Mangrove ecosystems are important habitats for various fish species in coastal and estuarine areas. This study aims to analyze the diversity and structure of ichthyofauna communities in the mangrove ecosystem in Air Bangis, West Pasaman Regency based on salinity gradients. The study was conducted from January–March 2024 using a quantitative descriptive survey method with a spatial approach at three stations representing different salinity gradients, namely Station 1 (Upstream, 3.2 ppt), Station 2 (Estuary, 14.7 ppt), and Station 3 (Mangrove/Coastal, 27.5 ppt). Fish sampling was carried out using gill nets and cast nets. Data analysis included the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), evenness index (E), and Simpson dominance index (C), as well as ANOVA tests and Tukey HSD follow-up tests. The results showed the discovery of 10 fish species with a total of 234 individuals. The highest H’ value was found at Station 2 (H’ = 2.18; medium category), with the highest uniformity value (E = 0.85) and the lowest dominance (C = 0.19). The ANOVA test showed a significant difference in fish community structure between stations (p < 0.05). Salinity gradient was proven to have a significant effect on fish diversity (r = 0.78; R² = 0.61; p = 0.028). The estuary area has the highest ecological productivity and plays an important role as a transitional habitat for ichthyofauna. Management and conservation of the Air Bangis mangrove ecosystem need to be carried out sustainably to maintain the stability of the fish community and the ecological function of the coastal area

Flash floods in the Kuranji Watershed area, Kuranji District, Padang City, have had a significant impact on the agricultural system, aquatic environment, and socio-economic conditions of the community. This study aims to analyze the condition of the agricultural system and aquatic environment after the flash flood, identify internal and external factors, and formulate adaptation strategies based on a SWOT analysis. The study used a mixed methods approach with a survey method through observation, interviews, and questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents determined using the Slovin formula. Data analysis was carried out using the IFAS matrix, EFAS, and SWOT quadrants. The results showed that flash floods caused increased damage to agricultural land, disruption of irrigation systems, decreased agricultural productivity, high river sedimentation, and decreased quality of the aquatic environment. The main strengths include the availability of water resources and community experience in the agricultural sector, while the main weaknesses are high river sedimentation and damage to the irrigation system. Opportunities come from government support and watershed rehabilitation programs, while the main threats are high rainfall and recurring floods. The results of the SWOT analysis indicate that the strategy is positioned in Quadrant III (turnaround strategy). Recommended priority strategies include watershed rehabilitation, river normalization, sedimentation control, irrigation system improvement, and strengthening community capacity in disaster mitigation.

Abstract: The construction of the Medan–Rampah Toll Road has reduced traffic flow through the Pasar Bengkel area in Serdang Bedagai Regency, causing a significant decline in SME economic activity. The number of active kiosks decreased from 86 units with monthly revenue of Rp576,910,000 before the toll road development to 55 kiosks in 2023 with revenue of Rp135,670,900, and further declined to only 14 kiosks in 2025. This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the Tumpeng application based on Location-Based Marketing (LBM) as a strategy to improve SME visibility and sales performance. Using an applied research approach with quantitative mixed methods, the study measured LBM exposure, application installations, transaction conversion, and system performance. Results show that 30,510 of 33,900 vehicles (90%) were exposed to LBM promotions, generating 3,478 valid application installations (±12%) and 316 transactions, with a conversion rate of 1.09% and overall system effectiveness of 85%. The implementation of LBM increased weekly kiosk sales from Rp2,422,695 to between Rp6,320,000 and Rp15,800,000. These findings indicate that the Tumpeng application has strong potential to enhance SME competitiveness, visibility, and revenue through location-based digital marketing, although improvements are still required to increase conversion rates from users to buyers. Keywords: Aplication Tumpung, Location Based Marketing; Digital Marketing; Increased UMKM Sales; UMKM Bengkel Market;   Abstrak: Pembangunan Jalan Tol Medan–Rampah telah mengurangi arus lalu lintas yang melintasi kawasan Pasar Bengkel di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai, sehingga menyebabkan penurunan signifikan terhadap aktivitas ekonomi UMKM. Jumlah kios aktif menurun dari 86 unit dengan pendapatan bulanan sebesar Rp576.910.000 sebelum pembangunan jalan tol menjadi 55 kios pada tahun 2023 dengan pendapatan sebesar Rp135.670.900, dan kembali menurun hingga hanya tersisa 14 kios pada tahun 2025. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi efektivitas aplikasi Tumpeng berbasis Location-Based Marketing (LBM) sebagai strategi untuk meningkatkan visibilitas dan kinerja penjualan UMKM. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian terapan melalui metode campuran kuantitatif, penelitian ini mengukur tingkat paparan LBM, jumlah instalasi aplikasi, konversi transaksi, dan kinerja sistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 30.510 dari 33.900 kendaraan (90%) terpapar promosi LBM, yang menghasilkan 3.478 instalasi aplikasi valid (±12%) dan 316 transaksi, dengan tingkat konversi sebesar 1,09% serta efektivitas sistem secara keseluruhan mencapai 85%. Implementasi LBM mampu meningkatkan penjualan kios per minggu dari Rp2.422.695 menjadi antara Rp6.320.000 hingga Rp15.800.000. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Tumpeng memiliki potensi yang kuat dalam meningkatkan daya saing, visibilitas, dan pendapatan UMKM melalui pemasaran digital berbasis lokasi, meskipun masih diperlukan pengembangan lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan tingkat konversi pengguna menjadi pembeli. Kata kunci: Aplikasi tumpeng; Pemasaran Berbasis Lokasi; Pemasaran Digital; Peningkatan Penjualan UMKM; UMKM Pasar Bengkel

This study aims to examine the influence of the Human Development Index (HDI) and Government Expenditure (PP) on economic growth in West Sumatra Province. The data used is panel data covering 19 districts/cities during the 2020–2024 period, with a total of 95 observations. The research data is sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and analyzed using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) through the Panel Least Squares method. The analysis results show that simultaneously, the HDI and government expenditure have a significant influence on economic growth. Partially, the HDI is proven to have a positive and significant effect on economic growth, indicating that improving the quality of human resources through education, health, and public purchasing power plays an important role in driving regional economic growth. Conversely, government expenditure has a positive but insignificant effect on economic growth. These findings indicate that government expenditure in West Sumatra Province has not been fully optimal in driving economic growth during the study period. Therefore, improving the quality of human development is a key factor in accelerating economic growth, while the effectiveness of management and allocation of government expenditure needs to be continuously improved to provide a more optimal impact on the regional economy.

This study aims to analyze the effect of E-Service Quality on patient satisfaction at Nofi Triani Dental Clinic, Payakumbuh. The study was motivated by a decline in patient visits from 2,616 visits in 2024 to 1,410 visits in 2025, indicating the need to evaluate the quality of services provided. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed. The study population consisted of all patients receiving treatment at Nofi Triani Dental Clinic, while the sample was selected using an accidental sampling technique. The independent variable was E-Service Quality, which comprised the dimensions of Fulfillment, Responsiveness, Contact, System Availability, and Privacy, while patient satisfaction served as the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression. The results revealed that E-Service Quality significantly influenced patient satisfaction. The Fulfillment dimension had a significant effect on patient satisfaction (p=0.038), Responsiveness had a significant effect and was identified as the most dominant factor (p=0.013; Exp(B)=1.395), and Contact also significantly affected patient satisfaction (p=0.046). Meanwhile, System Availability and Privacy did not show significant effects. The Nagelkerke R Square value of 0.217 indicates that E-Service Quality explains 21.7% of the variance in patient satisfaction, while the remaining 78.3% is influenced by other factors outside the research model. It can be concluded that improving service quality, particularly in terms of responsiveness, service fulfillment, and communication, can enhance patient satisfaction and support increased patient visits at Nofi Triani Dental Clinic, Payakumbuh.

This study aims to analyze the role of Community Service Program (KKN) students in developing a community-based creative economy at the Class II-B Penitentiary in Padangsidimpuan City. The background of this study is based on the importance of empowering inmates through productive activities that can improve skills, independence, and economic opportunities after the correctional period. The research method used was a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects included KKN students, prison officers, and inmates involved in the creative economy program. The results showed that KKN students acted as facilitators, motivators, and mentors in developing creative economy activities, such as handicraft training, simple product processing, and digital-based marketing. The program implemented was able to improve the technical skills and self-confidence of inmates, although there were still obstacles such as limited facilities, market access, and program sustainability. Therefore, synergy is needed between the prison, universities, and relevant stakeholders to support the development of a sustainable creative economy.  

This study aims to analyze and predict the level of the Human Development Index (HDI) using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method with the Perceptron algorithm. The problem underlying this research is the large amount of data and the numerous variables affecting HDI, making manual analysis less effective and time-consuming. The data used in this study include Life Expectancy at Birth, Expected Years of Schooling, Mean Years of Schooling, and Adjusted Expenditure per Capita. The research was conducted using Human Development Index data obtained from the Family Information System (SIGAThe dataset was divided into training data and testing data to evaluate the model's ability to predict HDI levels into two categories, namely high and low. The system was developed using the PHP programming language and MySQL database and was designed using Unified Modeling Language (UML).The results of this study indicate that the Artificial Neural Network method with the Perceptron algorithm is capable of predicting Human Development Index levels effectively based on the available data. The Perceptron model was able to recognize the relationship patterns among Life Expectancy at Birth, Expected Years of Schooling, Mean Years of Schooling, and Adjusted Expenditure per Capita variables with HDI levels. The testing results produced a final Mean Squared Error (MSE) value of 0.141227 with an accuracy rate of 80.00% after the training process stopped at the 115th epoch with a learning rate of 0.1. The developed system can assist in the analysis and prediction of human development levels and can be used as a decision-support tool in human development planning.  

The number of rail passengers on the Kisaran–Medan route varies over time due to a number of variables, including local economic situations, national holidays, peak travel seasons, and current transportation regulations. The administration of Kisaran Station finds it challenging to manage train fleets, organize travel timetables, and enhance service quality due to this unpredictability. Using historical data from 2019 to 2025, this study intends to apply an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with the Backpropagation technique to forecast the number of train passengers at Kisaran Station. With a learning rate of 0.25 and a sigmoid binary activation function, the system was constructed using a 7-5-1 network architecture with seven input neurons (yearly data from 2019–2025), five hidden layer neurons, and one output neuron. The data was split into 70% training data (January–July) and 30% testing data (August–December) after being adjusted to the interval 0.1–0.9 using the Min-Max technique. At epoch 822, the training process reached a convergence. For most months, including March (predicted: 647,271; actual: 642,870 passengers) and April (predicted: 999,728; actual: 996,320 passengers), the model was able to produce predictions that were close to actual values, according to testing results. However, there were differences in some months with seasonal spikes. It is anticipated that PT Kereta Api Indonesia and the regional government would use the created prediction system as a decision-support tool to plan transportation services and enhance the general quality of railway services.

The Free Nutritional Meal Program (MBG) is a government effort to improve the nutritional quality of students by providing nutritious food. This study aims to analyze the prediction of nutrient consumption levels in the MBG Program using the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) method. The data used were 100 datasets consisting of variables such as age, menu type, menu calories, initial nutritional status, and nutrient consumption levels. The data were divided into 80% training data and 20% testing data with a K value of 5. The test results showed that the KNN method achieved 95% accuracy, with 19 data points correctly predicted out of 20 test data points. The results indicate that the KNN method is capable of predicting nutrient consumption levels effectively and can be an alternative to support the evaluation of the Free Nutritional Meal Program (MBG).

The development of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technology has encouraged organizations to adopt digital systems for human resource management, one of which is through a cortex-based system. This study aims to analyze the influence of cortex on the effectiveness of employee performance in managing human resources. The research method used was a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving 10 informants. The results show that cortex has a positive influence on the effectiveness of employee performance, particularly in improving efficiency, data accuracy, and work productivity. However, this influence is not optimal due to obstacles such as limited digital competency, lack of training, and resistance to change. Therefore, organizations need to strengthen human resource readiness and adaptive strategies to optimize the implementation of the cortex systemCortex

Violence against adult women is a social problem that still frequently occurs in Indonesia and shows an increase every year. Available data on violence cases are still in the form of raw data, making it difficult to use to determine the level of vulnerability in each region. Therefore, a method is needed that can process this data into more meaningful information through a classification process. This study aims to classify the level of violence against adult women in Indonesia using the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) algorithm. This data uses seven attributes, namely physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence, exploitation, human trafficking, neglect, and others. The classification process is carried out into three classes, namely high, medium, and low. The test results show that the first data for the Aceh Province region is classified into class 1 (high) with a distance value of 111.7157645406. The second data for the North Sumatra Province region is also classified into class 1 (high) with a value of 114.41286640237. Meanwhile, the 3rd data for the West Sumatra Province region is classified into class 3 (low) with a value of 104.51753457. The results of the study indicate that the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) algorithm is able to group data on cases of violence against adult women based on their level of vulnerability so that it can be used as supporting information in decision-making and policy formulation for handling cases of violence against women.

Equitable distribution of public facilities and infrastructure is a crucial challenge in regional governance in Aek Kuasan District, Asahan Regency. Currently, data inventories of educational, health, and religious facilities are still managed conventionally in tabular format or as a recapitulation of physical documents. This method makes it difficult for sub-district governments and stakeholders to identify spatial distribution patterns of facilities, often resulting in disparities in accessibility between villages, such as significant differences in facility density between densely populated residential areas and plantations. This study aims to design a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) capable of automatically visualizing and analyzing public facility clustering. The method used is the K-Means Clustering algorithm with Euclidean distance measurement to partition the region into several clusters based on proximity of location coordinates. The frontend is built using React.js and the Leaflet map library for interactive visualization, while the backend uses Node.js to handle all the algorithm's computational logic, including distance calculations and centroid determination. Data storage is performed using a PostgreSQL relational database that stores location attributes in double-precision numeric format to ensure coordinate accuracy without relying on the database's spatial extensions. System testing results indicate that the application is capable of precisely mapping the locations of infrastructure facilities in seven villages/sub-districts in Aek Kuasan District. The implementation of the K-Means algorithm successfully classified areas into dense and sparse cluster zones, visualized through differences in marker colors on the digital map. This analytical information is expected to provide an empirical basis for the Aek Kuasan District Government in making more equitable and targeted development planning decisions.

Abstract: Global digital transformation has created a new form of colonialism oriented toward the control of data, algorithms, and digital infrastructure through the domination of transnational technology corporations. The phenomenon of data colonialism develops when public data is extracted, monetized, and controlled by global digital platforms without proportional distribution of benefits to developing countries. This study aims to analyze the development of data colonialism through the harmonization of global digital regulations and its implications for Indonesia’s cyber sovereignty, while also formulating an ideal legal policy framework to strengthen national data sovereignty. This research employs a doctrinal (normative juridical) legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and philosophical approaches through the analysis of national regulations and the theories of data colonialism, cyber sovereignty, digital dependency, rule of law, and rule of code. The findings reveal that the harmonization of global digital regulations tends to represent the interests of developed countries and global technology corporations through the liberalization of cross-border data flows, which potentially weakens state control over strategic national data. The dominance of foreign digital platforms has caused Indonesia to experience structural dependency on foreign technology and digital infrastructure. The paradigm shift from rule of law to rule of code also demonstrates how algorithms and global platform systems are gradually taking over the state’s regulatory functions within digital spaces. Therefore, strengthening Indonesia’s cyber sovereignty requires a reformulation of digital legal policies through stronger data localization measures, the development of national data centers, the advancement of domestic technology, the reinforcement of cybersecurity systems, and the establishment of data governance oriented toward national interests and the protection of citizens’ digital rights. Keywords: Data Colonialism, Global Harmonization, Cyber Sovereignty, Data Protection.   Abstrak: Transformasi digital global telah menciptakan bentuk kolonialisme baru yang berorientasi pada penguasaan data, algoritma, dan infrastruktur digital melalui dominasi korporasi teknologi transnasional. Fenomena data colonialism berkembang, ketika data masyarakat diekstraksi, dimonetisasi, dan dikendalikan oleh platform digital global tanpa distribusi manfaat yang proporsional bagi negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan kolonialisme data melalui harmonisasi regulasi digital global serta implikasinya terhadap kedaulatan siber Indonesia, sekaligus merumuskan formulasi kebijakan hukum yang ideal dalam memperkuat kedaulatan data nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal (yuridis normative) dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan filosofis melalui analisis terhadap regulasi nasional, teori data colonialism, cyber sovereignty, digital dependency, rule of law dan rule of code. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa harmonisasi regulasi digital global cenderung merepresentasikan kepentingan negara maju dan korporasi teknologi global melalui liberalisasi arus data lintas negara yang berpotensi memperlemah kontrol negara terhadap data strategis nasional. Dominasi platform asing menyebabkan Indonesia mengalami ketergantungan struktural terhadap teknologi dan infrastruktur digital asing. Pergeseran paradigma dari rule of law menuju rule of code juga memperlihatkan posisi algoritma dan sistem platform global secara bertahap mengambil alih fungsi pengaturan negara dalam ruang digital. Oleh karena itu, penguatan kedaulatan siber Indonesia memerlukan reformulasi kebijakan hukum digital melalui penguatan data localization, pembangunan pusat data nasional, pengembangan teknologi domestik, penguatan keamanan siber, dan pembentukan tata kelola data yang berorientasi pada kepentingan nasional serta perlindungan hak digital masyarakat. Kata kunci: Kolonialisme Data, Harmonisasi Global, Kedaulatan Siber, Perlindungan Data.

Abstract: Distribution of frozen food requires efficient route planning due to strict cold chain requirements and high operational costs. PT. Mitra Nasional Kualitas (Minaku) currently determines delivery routes based on drivers’ intuition, resulting in inefficiencies. This research applies Dijkstra’s algorithm integrated with real sales data to optimize distribution from Gresik to several cities in Java. The network is modeled as a weighted graph with distances as edge weights. Simulation on 15 cities with monthly demands exceeding 1,000 kg shows potential cost savings of about 16.2% when using optimized routing. Integration of shortest path algorithms with business data can significantly improve cost efficiency in cold chain logistics. Keywords: Dijkstra algorithm, shortest path, logistics, frozen food, sales data. Abstrak: Distribusi produk frozen food memerlukan perencanaan rute yang efisien karena tuntutan cold chain yang ketat dan biaya operasional yang tinggi. PT. Mitra Nasional Kualitas (Minaku) saat ini menentukan jalur distribusi berdasarkan intuisi sopir, sehingga berpotensi terjadi inefisiensi. Penelitian ini menerapkan Algoritma Dijkstra yang diintegrasikan dengan data penjualan riil untuk mengoptimasi distribusi dari Gresik ke beberapa kota di Pulau Jawa. Jaringan distribusi dimodelkan sebagai graf berbobot dengan jarak antar kota sebagai bobot sisi. Simulasi pada 15 kota dengan permintaan bulanan di atas 1.000 kg menunjukkan potensi penghematan biaya sekitar 16,2% dengan penggunaan rute optimal. Integrasi algoritma shortest path dengan data bisnis terbukti mampu meningkatkan efisiensi biaya dalam distribusi logistik cold chain. Kata kunci: Algoritma Dijkstra, jalur terpendek, logistik, frozen food, data penjualan

Abstract: This study aims to determine the simultaneous and partial effects of DAR, ROA, and DER on Firm Value (Price-to-Book Value) in cosmetics and household goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sample consists of 8 companies over the 2019–2023 period, resulting in 40 observations. The study employs a quantitative research method and multiple linear regression analysis. The F-test results indicate that DAR, ROA, and DER simultaneously influence Price-to-Book Value (PBV), with an F-calculated value (55.712) exceeding the F-table value (2.87). The t-test results show that DAR has a negative effect on PBV (-t-calculated -3.383 < -t-table -2.02809), ROA has a positive effect on PBV (t-calculated 2.329 > t-table 2.02809), and DER has a negative effect on PBV (-t-calculated -5.515 < -t-table -2.0809). The R² test yields an adjusted R-square value of 0.808, meaning that 80.8% of the variation in PBV is explained by the three independent variables (DAR, ROA, and DER), while the remaining 19.2% is explained by variables outside this research model. Keywords: DAR, ROA, DER, and PBV   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan dan parsial DAR, ROA, dan DER Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Price To Book Value) Pada Perusahaan Kosmetik Dan Keperluan Rumah Tangga Yang Terdaftar Di BEI. Jumlah sampel 8 perusahaan pada periode 2019 – 2023 dengan jumlah 40 pengamatan. Metode penelitian kuantitatif serta menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil Uji F secara simultan variabel DAR, ROA dan DER berpengaruh terhadap Price To Book Value (PBV) dengan nilai Fhitung (55.712) > Ftabel (2.87). Hasil Uji t, variabel DAR berpengaruh negatif terhadap Price To Book Value (PBV) dengan nilai -thitung (-3 383) < -ttabel (-2.02809), variabel ROA berpengaruh positif terhadap Price To Book Value (PBV) dengan nilai thitung (2.329) > ttabel (2.02809), dan variabel DER berpengaruh negatif terhadap Price To Book Value (PBV) dengan nilai -thitung (-5.515) < -ttabel (-2.0809). Uji R2, nilai adjusted R square adalah sebesar 0.808 artinya 80.8 % variabel Price To Book Value (PBV) yang bisa dijelaskan oleh variasi dari ketiga variabel independen yaitu DAR, ROA dan DER sedangkan sisanya 19.2 % dijelaskan oleh variabel lain diluar model penelitian ini. Kata Kunci: DAR, ROA, DER Dan PBV

Abstract: This study aims to determine the simultaneous and partial effects of transformational leadership, organizational culture, work environment, and organizational commitment on employee performance. The sample consisted of 87 respondents. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression. The results of the analysis produced the regression equation: Y = 1.135 + 0.263X₁ + 0.217X₂ + 0.237X₃ + 0.605X₄. The F-test result showed Fcount (258.357) > Ftable (2.48), indicating that transformational leadership, organizational culture, work environment, and organizational commitment simultaneously have a significant effect on performance. The t-test results revealed that transformational leadership has a positive effect on employee performance with tcount (2.433) > ttable (1.98896); organizational culture has a positive effect on employee performance with tcount (3.606) > ttable (1.98896); work environment has a positive effect on employee performance with tcount (3.462) > ttable (1.98896); and organizational commitment has a positive effect on employee performance with tcount (4.510) > ttable (1.98896). The coefficient of determination test (R²) showed an Adjusted R Square value of 0.623, indicating that transformational leadership, organizational culture, work environment, and organizational commitment explain 62.3% of the variance in employee performance, while the remaining 37.7% is explained by other variables not included in this study. Keywords: transformational leadership, organizational culture, work environment, organizational commitment, employee performance   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan dan parsial kepemimpinan transformasional, budaya organisasi, lingkungan kerja dan komitmen organisasi terhadap kinerja pegawai. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 87 responden. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil regresi menghasilkan persamaan Y = 1,135 + 0,263X1 + 0,217X2 + 0,237X3 + 0,605X4. Uji-F menghasilkan nilai Fhitung (258,357) > Ftabel (2,48), artinya kepemimpinan transformasional, budaya organisasi, lingkungan kerja dan komitmen organisasi berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap kinerja. Hasil uji-t, secara parsial kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karena thitung (2,433) > ttabel (1,98896), budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karena thitung (3,606) > ttabel (1,98896), lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karena thitung (3,462) > ttabel (1,98896), komitmen organisasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karena thitung (4,510) > ttabell (1,98896). Hasil uji-R2, nilai Adjusted R Square yaitu 0,623, artinya variabel bebas yang terdiri dari kepemimpinan transformasional, budaya organisasi, lingkungan kerja, dan komitmen organisasi mampu menjelaskan kinerja sebesar 62,3%, sedangkan sisanya 37,7% dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel lain yang tidak termasuk dalam penelitian ini. Kata kunci: kepemimpinan transformasional, budaya organisasi, lingkungan kerja, komitmen organisasi, kinerja

Abstract: Communication is an essential component of maternal healthcare services because it serves as the primary medium for delivering health information, supporting clinical decision-making, and building therapeutic relationships between midwives and patients. In multicultural societies, cross-language communication often presents challenges in midwifery services. Language barriers may lead to misunderstandings of medical information, unclear informed consent, reduced quality of care, and potential legal disputes between patients and healthcare providers. This study aims to analyze legal protection for patients in cross-language midwifery communication within maternal healthcare services. The research employs a normative legal approach using statutory and conceptual methods. Data were collected through literature studies of laws, regulations, books, scientific journals, and legal documents related to patient protection and midwifery services. The findings indicate that legal protection is based on patients' rights to receive accurate, clear, and understandable information as stipulated in Indonesian Health Law Number 17 of 2023. Midwives have legal and ethical responsibilities to ensure patients understand health information through appropriate language use, interpreter assistance, visual communication tools, and effective therapeutic communication. Strengthening intercultural communication competencies and establishing multilingual communication standards are essential to improving maternal healthcare quality and ensuring patient legal protection. Keywords: legal protection, patient, midwifery communication, cross-language communication, maternal health Abstrak: Komunikasi merupakan komponen penting dalam pelayanan kesehatan maternal karena menjadi sarana utama dalam penyampaian informasi kesehatan, pengambilan keputusan klinis, dan pembentukan hubungan terapeutik antara bidan dan pasien. Dalam masyarakat yang memiliki keberagaman bahasa dan budaya, komunikasi lintas bahasa sering menjadi tantangan dalam pelayanan kebidanan. Hambatan bahasa dapat menyebabkan kesalahpahaman informasi medis, ketidakjelasan persetujuan tindakan medis, penurunan kualitas pelayanan, serta berpotensi menimbulkan sengketa hukum antara pasien dan tenaga kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum pasien dalam komunikasi kebidanan lintas bahasa pada pelayanan kesehatan maternal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Sumber data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, jurnal ilmiah, dan dokumen hukum yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan pasien serta pelayanan kebidanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum pasien dalam komunikasi lintas bahasa didasarkan pada hak pasien untuk memperoleh informasi yang benar, jelas, dan mudah dipahami sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Bidan memiliki kewajiban hukum dan etika untuk memastikan informasi kesehatan dapat dipahami oleh pasien melalui penggunaan bahasa yang sesuai, bantuan penerjemah, media komunikasi visual, serta teknik komunikasi terapeutik yang efektif. Penguatan kompetensi komunikasi lintas budaya dan penyediaan standar pelayanan komunikasi multibahasa menjadi langkah penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan maternal serta menjamin perlindungan hukum pasien. Kata Kunci: perlindungan hukum, pasien, komunikasi kebidanan, lintas bahasa, kesehatan maternal

Abstract: As an archipelagic nation, Indonesia possesses abundant natural resources, diverse cultures, customs, and religions, which can be utilized in tourism, a key economic sector and the country's second-largest producer after oil and natural gas. Indonesia possesses significant natural resources and cultural heritage, which regions can leverage to increase their own-source revenues through tourism. Since 1978, the government has continuously strived to develop tourism to increase foreign exchange earnings, expand employment opportunities, and promote cultural heritage. Tourism development and development are carried out while maintaining the preservation of national culture and identity. Sipinsur is a tourist attraction located in Pearung Village, Paranginan District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra Province, with potential for development as a tourist attraction. It boasts beautiful views and cool air. However, it still requires more attention from the local government, management, and, of course, support from the local community. The development of Sipinsur involves tour operators to help promote this attraction, including including it in tour packages. Furthermore, seminars on the potential of the tourist attraction should be held, emphasizing the potential of the attraction through media such as advertisements, videos, and print media such as brochures, booklets, magazines, and other materials. Therefore, good cooperation between the Humbang Hasundutan Regency Government and the management, along with the participation of the local community, is essential to ensure the successful development of the Sipinsur tourist attraction, meeting expectations, and becoming a source of regional income for Humbang Hasundutan Regency and foreign exchange for the country. Keywords: Tourism Object Management   Abstrak: Indonesia sebagai Negara kepulauan memiliki kekayaan alam yang melimpah dengan berbagai kebudayaan, adat, serta agama yang tentunya dapat dimanfaatkan dalam bidang kepariwisataan sebagai sektor yang baik bagi perekonomian dan sebagai penghasil negara kedua setelah minyak bumi dan gas alam. Indonesia ini mempunyai potensi alam dan seni budaya yang cukup besar yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh daerah untuk meningkatkan pendapatan asli daerah melalui pariwisata. Sejak tahun 1978 pemerintah terus berusaha mengembangkan kepariwisataan dalam meningkatkan penerimaan devisa, memperluas lapangan kerja, dan memperkenalkan kebudayaan. Pembinaan serta pengembangan pariwisata dilakukan dengan tetap memperhatikan terpeliharanya kebudayaan dan kepribadian nasional. Sipinsur adalah salah satu objek wisata yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai salah satu objek wisata dan menjadi daya tarik wisata yang berada di Desa Pearung Kecamatan Paranginan di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Disamping memiliki view yang sangat indah, udara yang sejuk. Namun masih memerlukan perhatian yang lebih dari Pemerintah Daerah, pihak pengelola, dan tentunya dukungan masyarakat setempat. Pengembangan objek wisata objek wisata Sipinsur melibatkan pihak-pihak penyelenggara tour untuk membantu memperkenalkan objek wisata ini, dengan memasukkannya ke dalam sebuah paket wisata. Disamping itu perlu juga diadakan seminar mengenai potensi dengan menitik beratkan terhadap potensi objek wisata tersebut melalui media, seperti iklan, video, dan media cetak seperti brosur, booklet majalah dan lain-lain. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya kerja sama yang baik antara Pemerintah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan dengan pihak pengelola, beserta partisipasi masyarakat setempat agar pengembangan objek wisata Sipinsur dapat berjalan dengan baik dan sesuai dengan harapan yang baik dan menjadi sumber pendapatan daerah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan dan devisa bagi negara. Kata Kunci: Pengelolaan Objek Wisata

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the legal provisions governing force majeure in lease agreements and legal protection for tenants and lessors. The research uses a normative-empirical legal method with literature studies and legal analysis. The results show that force majeure is regulated in Articles 1244 and 1245 of the Indonesian Civil Code and specifically related to leases in Article 1553. Force majeure may release parties from liability for damages when obligations cannot be fulfilled due to unforeseeable events beyond their control. Legal protection is provided through the principles of contractual balance, good faith, and risk allocation. Keywords: Force Majeure; Lease Agreement; Legal Protection; Tenant; Civil Law.   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ketentuan hukum mengenai force majeure dalam perjanjian sewa menyewa serta perlindungan hukum bagi penyewa dan pihak yang menyewakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif-empiris dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa force majeure diatur dalam Pasal 1244 dan 1245 KUHPerdata serta secara khusus berkaitan dengan sewa menyewa dalam Pasal 1553 KUHPerdata. Keadaan force majeure dapat membebaskan para pihak dari kewajiban ganti rugi apabila ketidakmampuan memenuhi prestasi terjadi karena peristiwa di luar kendali para pihak. Perlindungan hukum diberikan melalui asas itikad baik, keseimbangan hak dan kewajiban, serta pengaturan risiko dalam perjanjian. Kata kunci: Force Majeure; Sewa Menyewa; Perlindungan Hukum; Penyewa; Hukum Perdata.

Abstract: Digital transformation has driven a paradigm shift in the management of educational organizations, particularly in decision-making processes that increasingly emphasize the use of data as the basis for policy development. This article aims to analyze the concept, supporting factors, inhibiting factors, and implementation strategies of Data-Driven Decision Making (DDDM) in educational organizations during the era of digital transformation. The study employed a descriptive-qualitative literature review approach. Data were collected from Google Scholar, Garuda, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), covering publications from 2016 to 2026. Out of 85 identified articles, 28 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using content analysis techniques. The findings indicate that DDDM plays a significant role in enhancing educational management effectiveness through the utilization of objective and evidence-based data. Successful implementation is influenced by data quality, data literacy among human resources, visionary leadership, information technology support, and an organizational culture that promotes data utilization. Conversely, low levels of data literacy, limited technological infrastructure, resistance to change, and weak data-use culture constitute major barriers to implementation. The study concludes that effective DDDM requires the integration of data, technology, leadership, human resources, and organizational culture to achieve educational governance that is effective, adaptive, and sustainable. Keywords: Data-Driven Decision Making, data-based decision making, digital transformation, educational management, educational organizations.   Abstrak: Transformasi digital telah mendorong perubahan paradigma pengelolaan organisasi pendidikan, khususnya dalam proses pengambilan keputusan yang semakin menekankan pemanfaatan data sebagai dasar kebijakan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep, faktor pendukung, faktor penghambat, serta strategi implementasi Data-Driven Decision Making (DDDM) dalam organisasi pendidikan di era transformasi digital. Penelitian menggunakan metode literature review dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif. Sumber data diperoleh dari Google Scholar, Garuda, dan Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) dengan rentang publikasi tahun 2016–2026. Dari 85 artikel yang ditemukan, sebanyak 28 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa DDDM berperan penting dalam meningkatkan efektivitas manajemen pendidikan melalui pemanfaatan data yang objektif dan berbasis bukti. Keberhasilan implementasinya dipengaruhi oleh kualitas data, literasi data sumber daya manusia, kepemimpinan yang visioner, dukungan teknologi informasi, dan budaya organisasi yang mendukung penggunaan data. Sebaliknya, rendahnya literasi data, keterbatasan infrastruktur teknologi, resistensi terhadap perubahan, serta lemahnya budaya penggunaan data menjadi hambatan utama. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi DDDM memerlukan integrasi antara data, teknologi, kepemimpinan, sumber daya manusia, dan budaya organisasi untuk mewujudkan tata kelola pendidikan yang efektif, adaptif, dan berkelanjutan. Kata kunci: Data-Driven Decision Making, pengambilan keputusan berbasis data, transformasi digital, manajemen pendidikan, organisasi pendidikan.