Portal Jurnal Ilmiah
Goretan Pena

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the effect of workload and job stress on the performance of Civil Servants (ASN). Employee performance is an essential factor in achieving effective public administration and service delivery. An appropriate workload can encourage employees to perform more productively, while excessive job stress may reduce their performance. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of these two variables on the performance of civil servants.  This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. The population consisted of 162 civil servants working at the SATPOL PP Office of Indragiri Hilir Regency. The sample size was determined using the Slovin formula with a 5% margin of error, resulting in 116 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires measured on a five-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicate that workload has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a regression coefficient of 0.722 and a significance value of 0.000. Conversely, job stress has a negative and significant effect on employee performance, with a regression coefficient of -0.125 and a significance value of 0.005. Simultaneously, workload and job stress significantly affect employee performance, as evidenced by an F-value of 229.528 and a significance level of 0.000. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.802 indicates that 80.2% of the variation in employee performance can be explained by workload and job stress, while the remaining 19.8% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. Effective workload management and job stress control are therefore crucial for improving civil servant performance. Keywords: Workload; Job Stress; Employee Performance; Civil Servants Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh beban kerja dan stres kerja terhadap kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN). Kinerja ASN merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam mewujudkan efektivitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pelayanan publik. Beban kerja yang sesuai dapat mendorong peningkatan produktivitas pegawai, sedangkan stres kerja yang berlebihan berpotensi menurunkan kinerja. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kedua variabel tersebut terhadap kinerja ASN. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 162 ASN pada Kantor SATPOL PP Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Penentuan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin dengan tingkat kesalahan 5%, sehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 116 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner dengan skala Likert. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beban kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja ASN dengan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 0,722 dan nilai signifikansi 0,000. Sementara itu, stres kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja ASN dengan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar -0,125 dan nilai signifikansi 0,005. Secara simultan, beban kerja dan stres kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja ASN dengan nilai F-hitung sebesar 229,528 dan signifikansi 0,000. Nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,802 menunjukkan bahwa 80,2% variasi kinerja ASN dapat dijelaskan oleh beban kerja dan stres kerja, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 19,8% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar penelitian. Dengan demikian, pengelolaan beban kerja yang tepat dan pengendalian stres kerja menjadi faktor penting dalam meningkatkan kinerja ASN. Kata kunci: Beban Kerja; Stres Kerja; Kinerja ASN; Aparatur Sipil Negara

Abstract: Population growth is an important factor in regional development planning because it affects the provision of public services and infrastructure. This study aims to model the population growth of Asahan Regency using an exponential differential equation and evaluate the accuracy of the resulting predictions. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using population data from Asahan Regency for the period 2021–2025 obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The analysis involved constructing several exponential growth models and assessing their predictive performance using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The results indicate that Exponential Model IV is the most accurate model, with a MAPE value of 0.2646%. Based on this model, the population of Asahan Regency is projected to increase from 838,852 people in 2026 to 898,377 people in 2030. These findings demonstrate that the exponential differential equation model provides highly accurate short-term population forecasts and can be utilized as a reference for regional planning and policy formulation related to population growth. Keywords: population growth; exponential model; differential equation; population projection; MAPE.   Abstrak: Pertumbuhan penduduk merupakan faktor penting dalam perencanaan pembangunan daerah karena memengaruhi kebutuhan layanan publik dan infrastruktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan memodelkan pertumbuhan penduduk Kabupaten Asahan menggunakan persamaan diferensial eksponensial serta mengevaluasi tingkat akurasi prediksinya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan data jumlah penduduk Kabupaten Asahan tahun 2021–2025 yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Analisis dilakukan melalui pembentukan beberapa model pertumbuhan eksponensial dan pengujian akurasi menggunakan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Model Eksponensial IV merupakan model terbaik dengan nilai MAPE sebesar 0,2646%. Berdasarkan model tersebut, jumlah penduduk Kabupaten Asahan diproyeksikan meningkat dari 838.852 jiwa pada tahun 2026 menjadi 898.377 jiwa pada tahun 2030. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model eksponensial memiliki tingkat akurasi yang sangat baik dan dapat digunakan untuk memproyeksikan pertumbuhan penduduk Kabupaten Asahan dalam jangka pendek.. Kata kunci: pertumbuhan penduduk; persamaan diferensial; model eksponensial; proyeksi penduduk; MAPE.

Abstract: Enhancing the quality of human resources (HR) in higher education is a crucial factor in supporting the excellence of teaching, research, and community service. This study aims to identify effective strategies and implementations for HR development within universities. A descriptive qualitative method was used, employing a case study approach in several higher education institutions in Indonesia. The findings reveal that HR quality improvement strategies include faculty training and competency development, academic degree advancement, implementation of a reward and punishment system, and strengthening a professional work culture. Implementation of these strategies faces several challenges, such as budget constraints, resistance to change, and the lack of integrated HR management. Nevertheless, with visionary leadership and institutional policy support, HR development can be pursued sustainably. This study recommends the importance of synergy among university leaders, faculty members, and administrative staff in fostering a conducive work environment for HR quality enhancement. Keywords: Human Resource Quality, Higher Education, Strategy, Implementation   Abstrak: Meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM) di pendidikan tinggi merupakan faktor penting dalam mendukung keunggulan pengajaran, penelitian, dan pengabdian masyarakat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi strategi dan implementasi yang efektif untuk pengembangan SDM di dalam universitas. Metode kualitatif deskriptif digunakan, dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus di beberapa institusi pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa strategi peningkatan kualitas SDM meliputi pelatihan dan pengembangan kompetensi dosen, peningkatan gelar akademik, implementasi sistem penghargaan dan hukuman, dan penguatan budaya kerja profesional. Implementasi strategi ini menghadapi beberapa tantangan, seperti kendala anggaran, resistensi terhadap perubahan, dan kurangnya manajemen SDM yang terintegrasi. Namun demikian, dengan kepemimpinan visioner dan dukungan kebijakan institusional, pengembangan SDM dapat dilakukan secara berkelanjutan. Studi ini merekomendasikan pentingnya sinergi antara pimpinan universitas, anggota fakultas, dan staf administrasi dalam membina lingkungan kerja yang kondusif untuk peningkatan kualitas SDM. Kata kunci: Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia, Pendidikan Tinggi, Strategi, Implementasi

Abstract: Advances in digital technology are encouraging players in the creative economy to adopt more effective and sustainable marketing strategies. This study aims to analyse the role of digital marketing strategies in building the image of Saga Creative Hub as a hub for the creative economy. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through observation, interviews and documentation of the digital promotional activities carried out by Saga Creative Hub. The results of the study indicate that the use of social media, particularly Instagram, the consistent creation of creative content, and well-planned digital communication are capable of increasing brand awareness, audience engagement, and strengthening the image of Saga Creative Hub as a space for collaboration and innovation. Digital marketing strategies also contribute to expanding the creative community network and enhancing appeal for MSME practitioners and the general public. The conclusion of this study emphasises that the implementation of appropriate and sustainable digital marketing strategies plays a strategic role in building the image of creative economy institutions. It is hoped that this study will serve as a reference for creative hub managers and creative economy practitioners in developing effective digital promotion strategies. Keywords: digital marketing, brand image, creative economy, creative hub, social media   Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi digital mendorong pelaku ekonomi kreatif untuk mengadaptasi strategi pemasaran yang lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran strategi digital marketing dalam membangun citra Saga Creative Hub sebagai pusat ekonomi kreatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi terhadap aktivitas promosi digital yang dilakukan oleh Saga Creative Hub. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan media sosial, khususnya Instagram, pembuatan konten kreatif yang konsisten, serta komunikasi digital yang terencana mampu meningkatkan brand awareness, engagement audiens, dan memperkuat citra Saga Creative Hub sebagai ruang kolaborasi dan inovasi. Strategi digital marketing juga berkontribusi dalam memperluas jejaring komunitas kreatif serta meningkatkan daya tarik bagi pelaku UMKM dan masyarakat. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa implementasi strategi digital marketing yang tepat dan berkesinambungan memiliki peran strategis dalam membangun citra lembaga ekonomi kreatif. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi bagi pengelola creative hub dan pelaku ekonomi kreatif dalam mengembangkan strategi promosi digital yang efektif. Kata Kunci: digital marketing, citra merek, ekonomi kreatif, creative hub, media sosial

Abstract: The growing awareness of the importance of sustainability has prompted organizations to incorporate environmental elements into management and operational procedures. Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) is one of the most studied approaches. It is considered to be able to encourage the formation of Employee Green Behavior (EGB) and improve the company's Environmental Performance (EP). The purpose of this study is to analyze and synthesize previous research on green human resource management, green employee behavior, and environmental achievement. This study uses a qualitative literature review method. Data was obtained from 30 journal articles published from 2020–2026. This article consists of 10 articles on Green Human Resource Management, 10 articles on Green Worker Behavior, and 10 articles on Environmental Performance. The selection of articles is based on the relevance of the topic, the year of publication, and the number of citations. Content analysis and theme synthesis are used to find patterns of relationships between variables, research trends, and research gaps that need to be improved. The results of the study show that GHRM plays an important role in creating environmentally friendly worker behavior. Through various practices such as green labor acceptance, green training, and green performance assessments, GHRM plays this role. Through resource use efficiency, waste reduction, and increased environmental awareness, EGB has been shown to improve environmental performance. In addition, it was found that the research conducted was still mainly on the manufacturing and hospitality industries, while the amount of research conducted in the field of education and developing countries was very limited. According to this study, GHRM, EGB, and EP are important components in supporting the sustainable strengthening of organizational environmental performance. Keywords: Green Human Resource Management; Employee Green Behavior; Environmental Performance; Sustainability; Literature Review.   Abstrak: Bertambahnya kesadaran akan pentingnya keberlanjutan telah mendorong organisasi untuk memasukkan elemen lingkungan ke dalam prosedur manajemen dan operasional. Green Human Resource Management  (GHRM) adalah salah satu pendekatan yang banyak dipelajari. Dianggap dapat mendorong pembentukan Employee Green Behavior (EGB) dan peningkatan Environmental Performance (EP) perusahaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mensintesis penelitian sebelumnya tentang manajemen sumber daya manusia hijau, perilaku karyawan hijau, dan prestasi lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode review literatur kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari 30 artikel jurnal yang dipublikasikan dari tahun 2020–2026. Artikel ini terdiri dari 10 artikel Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Hijau, 10 artikel Perilaku Pekerja Hijau, dan 10 artikel Kinerja Lingkungan. Pemilihan artikel didasarkan pada relevansi topik, tahun publikasi, dan jumlah sitasi. Analisis isi dan sintesis tema digunakan untuk menemukan pola hubungan antarvariabel, tren penelitian, dan kesenjangan penelitian yang perlu diperbaiki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa GHRM  memainkan peran penting dalam menciptakan perilaku pekerja yang ramah lingkungan. Melalui berbagai praktik seperti penerimaan tenaga kerja hijau, pelatihan hijau, dan penilaian kinerja hijau, GHRM  memainkan peran ini. Melalui efisiensi penggunaan sumber daya, pengurangan limbah, dan peningkatan kesadaran lingkungan, EGB telah terbukti meningkatkan kinerja lingkungan. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa penelitian yang dilakukan masih terutama pada industri manufaktur dan perhotelan, sementara jumlah penelitian yang dilakukan pada bidang pendidikan dan negara berkembang sangat terbatas. Menurut penelitian ini, GHRM, EGB, dan EP merupakan komponen penting dalam mendukung penguatan kinerja lingkungan organisasi secara berkelanjutan.. Kata Kunci: Green Human Resource Management; Employee Green Behavior; Environmental Performance; Sustainability; Literature Review.

Abstract: Biology learning that integrates Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) has emerged as a significant trend in improving students' critical thinking abilities. This study aims to analyze the trend of HOTS-based biology learning and its impact on students' critical thinking skills through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework, 10 articles published between 2021–2025 were selected from Google Scholar, SINTA, and DOAJ databases based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results show that Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Project Based Learning (PjBL) are the most frequently used HOTS-based learning models in biology education. The application of these models consistently shows a significant positive impact on students' critical thinking skills across various educational levels. Research trends over the past five years indicate an increase in the use of digital media integrated with HOTS to support more effective learning. This study concludes that HOTS-based biology learning is effective and recommended to be widely implemented in Indonesian schools, particularly in the context of the Merdeka Curriculum. Keywords: Higher Order Thinking Skills, Biology Learning, Critical Thinking, Systematic Literature Review, PRISMA   Abstrak: Pembelajaran biologi yang mengintegrasikan Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) telah menjadi tren signifikan dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tren pembelajaran biologi berbasis HOTS dan dampaknya terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa melalui Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Menggunakan kerangka PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), sebanyak 10 artikel yang diterbitkan pada rentang tahun 2021–2025 dipilih dari basis data Google Scholar, SINTA, dan DOAJ berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan Project Based Learning (PjBL) merupakan model pembelajaran berbasis HOTS yang paling sering digunakan dalam pendidikan biologi. Penerapan kedua model tersebut secara konsisten menunjukkan dampak positif yang signifikan terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa di berbagai jenjang pendidikan. Tren penelitian lima tahun terakhir mengindikasikan peningkatan penggunaan media digital yang terintegrasi dengan HOTS untuk mendukung pembelajaran yang lebih efektif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran biologi berbasis HOTS efektif dan direkomendasikan untuk diimplementasikan secara luas di sekolah-sekolah Indonesia, khususnya dalam konteks Kurikulum Merdeka. Kata Kunci: Higher Order Thinking Skills, Pembelajaran Biologi, Berpikir Kritis, Systematic Literature Review, PRISMA

Abstract: The rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia, particularly on the Shopee and Tokopedia platforms, has increased the need for data-driven approaches to better understand consumer purchase intentions. This study aims to compare the performance of the Linear Regression and Random Forest algorithms in predicting consumer purchase intentions based on price perception, product ratings, consumer reviews, and trust in the platform. A quantitative approach was employed using primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to Shopee and Tokopedia users with a 1–5 Likert scale. The data were processed using Python through preprocessing, validity and reliability testing, and predictive model development. Model performance was evaluated using Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and R² Score. The results indicate that Random Forest achieved better predictive performance on the Shopee dataset, while Linear Regression produced better results on the Tokopedia dataset. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of a prediction model is influenced by the characteristics of the dataset, highlighting the importance of selecting an appropriate algorithm to achieve optimal prediction performance in e-commerce applications Keywords: Purchase Intention, E-commerce, Linear Regression, Random Forest, Machine Learning   Abstrak: Perkembangan e-commerce di Indonesia, khususnya pada platform Shopee dan Tokopedia, mendorong kebutuhan akan pemanfaatan analisis data untuk memahami minat pembelian konsumen secara lebih akurat. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kinerja algoritma Linear Regression dan Random Forest dalam memprediksi minat pembelian konsumen berdasarkan variabel persepsi harga, rating produk, ulasan konsumen, dan kepercayaan terhadap platform. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data primer yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada pengguna Shopee dan Tokopedia menggunakan skala Likert 1–5. Data diolah menggunakan Python melalui tahapan preprocessing, uji validitas dan reliabilitas, serta pembangunan model prediksi. Evaluasi model dilakukan menggunakan metrik Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), dan R² Score. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Random Forest memberikan performa yang lebih baik pada data Shopee, sedangkan Linear Regression menghasilkan performa yang lebih baik pada data Tokopedia. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik data memengaruhi kinerja algoritma, sehingga pemilihan model prediksi perlu disesuaikan untuk memperoleh hasil yang optimal. Kata kunci: Minat Pembelian, E-commerce, Linear Regression, Random Forest, Machine Learning

Abstract: The development of digital marketing requires companies to understand customer behavior to ensure more effective promotional strategies. The problem in this study is the difficulty in identifying customers who are likely to respond to digital marketing campaigns because customer data has not been optimally utilized. To address this issue, this study applies the Decision Tree algorithm as a classification method to analyze and predict customer responses based on characteristics and purchasing behavior. The data used is the Customer Personality Analysis dataset from Kaggle, comprising 2,240 customer data. This data was processed through preprocessing, attribute selection, data transformation, SMOTE application, Decision Tree model development, and evaluation using a confusion matrix in RapidMiner Studio. The results showed that the Decision Tree model achieved an accuracy score of 74.48%, with the AcceptedCmp5 attribute being the most influential attribute due to its highest information gain. Based on these results, the Decision Tree algorithm is quite effective in assisting customer behavior analysis and supporting decision-making in digital marketing strategies Keywords: Decision Tree, Classification, Digital Marketing, Customer Behavior Rapidminer    Abstrak: Perkembangan pemasaran digital menuntut perusahaan untuk memahami perilaku pelanggan agar strategi promosi dapat berjalan lebih efektif. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah sulitnya menentukan pelanggan yang berpotensi memberikan respons terhadap kampanye pemasaran digital karena data pelanggan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, penelitian ini menerapkan algoritma Decision Tree sebagai metode klasifikasi untuk menganalisis dan memprediksi respons pelanggan berdasarkan karakteristik dan perilaku pembelian. Data yang digunakan merupakan dataset Customer Personality Analysis dari Kaggle sebanyak 2.240 data pelanggan yang diolah melalui tahap preprocessing, seleksi atribut, transformasi data, penerapan SMOTE, pembentukan model Decision Tree, dan evaluasi menggunakan confusion matrix pada RapidMiner Studio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Decision Tree memperoleh nilai accuracy sebesar 74,48% dan atribut AcceptedCmp5 menjadi atribut paling berpengaruh karena memiliki nilai information gain tertinggi. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, algoritma Decision Tree cukup efektif digunakan untuk membantu analisis perilaku pelanggan dan mendukung pengambilan keputusan dalam strategi pemasaran digital Kata Kunci: Pohon Keputusan, Klasifikasi, Pemasaran Digital, Perilaku Pelanggan Rapidminer,

Abstract: Advances in digital information systems have encouraged companies to utilize mobile applications as a customer service medium. Fore Coffee is a digital-based coffee company that uses a mobile application to support the ordering process and customer service. The level of application user satisfaction can be determined through ratings given on the Google Play Store. These ratings are dynamic, so an analytical method is needed to determine the direction of changes. This study aims to analyze the trend of user satisfaction of the Fore Coffee application based on rating data on the Google Play Store using the Trend Moment method. Data was obtained through web scraping using Python on Google Collaboratory with a data collection period of 2019–2025. The collected data was then processed using the Trend Moment method to identify trends in changes in user satisfaction levels over time. The results show that the average user rating of the Fore Coffee application during the 2019–2025 period ranged from 3.92 to 4.36. The highest value occurred in 2021 at 4.36, while the lowest value occurred in 2023 at 3.92. The results of the Trend Moment calculation produce a trend equation Y = 4.23 − 0.03X. The coefficient of −0.03 indicates a very small tendency for user satisfaction to decrease so that in general the level of user satisfaction remains stable and receives a positive response. Keywords: Fore Coffee, Google Play Store, User Rating, User Satisfaction, Trend Moment.   Abstrak: Kemajuan sistem informasi digital telah mendorong perusahaan memanfaatkan aplikasi seluler sebagai media layanan pelanggan. Fore Coffee merupakan salah satu perusahaan kopi berbasis digital yang menggunakan aplikasi seluler untuk mendukung proses pemesanan dan pelayanan pelanggan. Tingkat kepuasan pengguna aplikasi dapat diketahui melalui rating yang diberikan pada Google Play Store. Rating tersebut bersifat dinamis sehingga diperlukan metode analisis untuk mengetahui arah perubahannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tren kepuasan pengguna aplikasi Fore Coffee berdasarkan data rating pada Google Play Store menggunakan metode Trend Moment. Data diperoleh melalui proses web scraping menggunakan Python pada Google Colaboratory dengan periode pengambilan data tahun 2019–2025. Data yang terkumpul kemudian diolah menggunakan metode Trend Moment untuk mengidentifikasi kecenderungan perubahan tingkat kepuasan pengguna dari waktu ke waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata rating pengguna aplikasi Fore Coffee selama periode 2019–2025 berada pada rentang 3,92 hingga 4,36. Nilai tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2021 sebesar 4,36, sedangkan nilai terendah terjadi pada tahun 2023 sebesar 3,92. Hasil perhitungan Trend Moment menghasilkan persamaan tren Y = 4,23 − 0,03X. Koefisien −0,03 menunjukkan adanya kecenderungan penurunan kepuasan pengguna yang sangat kecil sehingga secara umum tingkat kepuasan pengguna tetap stabil dan memperoleh respons positif.. Kata kunci: Fore Coffee, Google Play Store, Rating Pengguna, Kepuasan Pengguna, Trend Moment.

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the effect of social media interactivity, digital information quality, and online promotion on purchasing decisions with customer engagement as a mediating variable. The research employed a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey design. The population consisted of 100 respondents from Pelalawan Regency in 2026 using a census sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using Partial Least Square–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through SmartPLS 4. The findings indicate that social media interactivity has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions (β=0.532; p<0.05), and online promotion also has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions (β=0.544; p<0.05). Meanwhile, digital information quality has no significant effect on customer engagement or purchasing decisions. Customer engagement was also found not to significantly influence purchasing decisions, indicating that its mediating role has not been optimal. The study concludes that digital marketing strategies emphasizing active social media interaction and attractive online promotions are more effective in improving consumer purchasing decisions than solely improving digital information quality. Keywords: Social Media Interactivity; Digital Information Quality; Online Promotion; Customer Engagement; Purchasing Decision.   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh interaktivitas media sosial, kualitas informasi digital, dan online promotion terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan customer engagement sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain survei potong lintang (cross-sectional). Populasi penelitian terdiri dari 100 masyarakat Kabupaten Pelalawan tahun 2026 dengan teknik sensus sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner skala Likert 5 poin dan dianalisis menggunakan Partial Least Square–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) melalui SmartPLS 4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaktivitas media sosial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (β=0,532; p<0,05), demikian juga online promotion yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (β=0,544; p<0,05). Sementara itu, kualitas informasi digital tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap customer engagement maupun keputusan pembelian. Customer engagement juga tidak terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian sehingga perannya sebagai variabel mediasi belum optimal. Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi pemasaran digital yang menekankan interaksi aktif di media sosial dan promosi online yang menarik lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan keputusan pembelian konsumen dibandingkan peningkatan kualitas informasi digital semata. Kata kunci: interaktivitas media sosial; kualitas informasi digital; online promotion; customer engagement; keputusan pembelian.

Abstract: This study examines the transformation of automotive technology vocational education curricula in response to the global shift from conventional internal combustion engines to electric vehicles (EVs). Methodology: The research analyzes the strategies required to bridge the gap between traditional mechanical education and the emerging demands of electric mobility. Findings: The results indicate that while the transition is inevitable, significant disparities exist in implementation. Developed regions are moving rapidly, whereas vocational institutions in other areas face challenges such as high costs of EV technology and limited facilities. The study identifies that the shift requires not only technical updates but also a comprehensive integration of electrical engineering, battery management systems, and safety protocols into the existing framework. Conclusion: To remain relevant, vocational education must adopt strategic curriculum reforms, foster industry-academic partnerships, and enhance instructor competencies. This transformation is crucial to ensuring that graduates are equipped with the skills necessary to compete in the sustainable automotive industry of the future.    Keywords: Automotive Vocational Education, Curriculum Transformation, Electric Vehicles, Conventional Technology, Transition Strategies.   Abstrak: Penelitian ini menganalisis transformasi kurikulum pendidikan vokasi teknologi otomotif sebagai respons terhadap pergeseran global dari kendaraan konvensional berbasis mesin pembakaran dalam menuju kendaraan listrik (Electric Vehicles). Metodologi: Kajian ini mengevaluasi strategi yang diperlukan untuk menjembatani kesenjangan antara pendidikan mekanik tradisional dengan tuntutan baru di era mobilitas listrik. Hasil: Temuan menunjukkan bahwa transisi ini menuntut peningkatan kompetensi teknis dan manajerial yang signifikan. Namun, terdapat kesenjangan implementasi di mana institusi pendidikan masih menghadapi kendala biaya investasi dan kompleksitas fasilitas praktik. Studi ini mengidentifikasi bahwa pergeseran kurikulum tidak hanya memerlukan pembaruan teknis, tetapi juga integrasi komprehensif mengenai sistem manajemen baterai dan protokol keselamatan kerja elektrik ke dalam kerangka pembelajaran. Kesimpulan: Agar tetap relevan, pendidikan vokasi harus mengadopsi reformasi kurikulum yang strategis, memperkuat kolaborasi dengan dunia industri, dan meningkatkan kompetensi instruktur. Transformasi ini menjadi kunci utama dalam mencetak lulusan yang kompetitif di industri otomotif berkelanjutan masa depan.    Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Vokasi Otomotif, Transformasi Kurikulum, Kendaraan Listrik, Teknologi Konvensional, Strategi Transisi

Abstract: Notarial education in Indonesia demands not only the mastery of legal theory but also practical proficiency in drafting authentic deeds. This research aims to analyze the urgency of office internship as an integral part of the notarial education system in shaping the competence and integrity of prospective notaries. Utilizing a normative legal research method with a statutory approach, this study finds that the office internship serves as a bridge between academic doctrines learned in lectures and the reality of field practice. The results of the analysis indicate that without a structured and standardized internship system, the risk of professional malpractice and violations of the code of ethics increases. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations regarding the duration, internship curriculum, and supervision from professional organizations to ensure the quality of graduates who are ready to carry out public office professionally. Keywords: Office Internship, Notarial Education, Master of Notary, Competence, Integrity.   Abstrak:  Pendidikan kenotariatan di Indonesia tidak hanya menuntut penguasaan teori hukum, tetapi juga kemahiran praktis dalam pembuatan akta autentik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis urgensi magang jabatan sebagai bagian integral dari sistem pendidikan notaris dalam membentuk kompetensi dan integritas calon notaris. Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa magang jabatan berfungsi sebagai jembatan antara doktrin akademis di bangku perkuliahan dengan realitas praktik di lapangan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tanpa sistem magang yang terstruktur dan terstandarisasi, risiko terjadinya malpraktik jabatan dan pelanggaran kode etik meningkat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan regulasi mengenai durasi, kurikulum magang, serta pengawasan dari organisasi profesi untuk memastikan kualitas lulusan yang siap menjalankan jabatan publik secara profesional. Kata Kunci: Magang Jabatan, Pendidikan Notaris, Magister Kenotariatan, Kompetensi, Integritas.

Abstrak: This study examines the role of MBTI personality types as moderating variables in the relationship between Person-Job Fit (PJF) and Job Satisfaction (JS). Using a sample of 40 respondents, moderation regression analysis was conducted to test the interaction effects between PJF and four MBTI dimensions (Introversion-Extraversion, Sensing-Intuition, Thinking-Feeling, Judging-Perceiving). The results indicate that PJF has a significant positive effect on JS. The Introversion-Extraversion showed a marginally significant moderating effect (β = -0.346, p = 0.091), suggesting that the PJF-JS relationship is weaker for extraverts. However, the relatively small sample size (N=40) may limit the statistical power to detect moderating effects, particularly for the marginally significant finding. The other three MBTI dimensions did not demonstrate significant moderating effect. Future research with larger, more diverse samples is recommended to verify these preliminary results and explore potential subtle effects of other personality dimensions. This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that the PJF-JS relationship may be contingent on specific personality characteristics. Keywords: Person-Job Fit, Job Satisfaction, MBTI   Abstrak: This study examines the role of MBTI personality types as moderating variables in the relationship between Person-Job Fit (PJF) and Job Satisfaction (JS). Using a sample of 40 respondents, moderation regression analysis was conducted to test the interaction effects between PJF and four MBTI dimensions (Introversion-Extraversion, Sensing-Intuition, Thinking-Feeling, Judging-Perceiving). The results indicate that PJF has a significant positive effect on JS. The Introversion-Extraversion showed a marginally significant moderating effect (β = -0.346, p = 0.091), suggesting that the PJF-JS relationship is weaker for extraverts. However, the relatively small sample size (N=40) may limit the statistical power to detect moderating effects, particularly for the marginally significant finding. The other three MBTI dimensions did not demonstrate significant moderating effect. Future research with larger, more diverse samples is recommended to verify these preliminary results and explore potential subtle effects of other personality dimensions. This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that the PJF-JS relationship may be contingent on specific personality characteristics. Kata Kunci: Person-Job Fit, Job Satisfaction, MBTI

Abstract: Unemployment Rate is one of the important indicators used to assess the employment and economic conditions of a region. A high unemployment rate can hinder economic growth and reduce public welfare. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the Unemployment Rate and to develop a prediction model for the Unemployment Rate in regencies/cities of North Sumatra Province using a Data Mining approach with the Multiple Linear Regression algorithm. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of North Sumatra Province for the 2019–2023 period, including population, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), and education level variables with a total of 165 observations. The research stages include data collection, data cleaning, data exploration, splitting the dataset into training and testing data with an 80:20 ratio, model development, and evaluation using MAE, RMSE, and coefficient of determination (R²) metrics. The results show that the education level is a significant variable affecting the Unemployment Rate, indicating the phenomenon of educated unemployment, while population and GRDP do not have a partially significant effect. The resulting model obtained an R² value of 30.88%, an MAE of 1.76, and an RMSE of 2.15, indicating that the model has fairly good and stable predictive performance. The findings of this study are expected to support employment policy-making and data-driven regional economic development planning in North Sumatra Province. Keywords: Unemployment Rate, Data Mining, Multiple Linear Regression, GRDP, Education Level.   Abstrak: Tingkat Pengangguran merupakan salah satu indikator penting dalam menilai kondisi ketenagakerjaan dan perekonomian suatu daerah. Tingginya tingkat pengangguran dapat menghambat pertumbuhan ekonomi dan menurunkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi Tingkat Pengangguran serta membangun model prediksi Tingkat Pengangguran pada kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Utara menggunakan pendekatan Data Mining dengan algoritma Multiple Linear Regression. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Provinsi Sumatera Utara periode 2019–2023, meliputi variabel jumlah penduduk, Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), dan tingkat pendidikan dengan total 165 observasi. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengumpulan data, pembersihan data, eksplorasi data, pembagian data training dan testing dengan rasio 80:20, pembangunan model, serta evaluasi menggunakan metrik MAE, RMSE, dan koefisien determinasi (R²). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan merupakan variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran dengan indikasi terjadinya fenomena educated unemployment, sedangkan jumlah penduduk dan PDRB tidak berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial. Model yang dihasilkan memperoleh nilai R² sebesar 30,88%, MAE sebesar 1,76, dan RMSE sebesar 2,15, yang menunjukkan kemampuan prediksi yang cukup baik dan stabil. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pendukung dalam pengambilan kebijakan ketenagakerjaan dan perencanaan pembangunan ekonomi daerah berbasis data di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Kata kunci: Tingkat Pengangguran, Data Mining, Multiple Linear Regression, PDRB, Pendidikan.

Abstract: Effective and efficient healthcare services are essential to improving the quality of life in society. However, many community health centers (Puskesmas) still rely on manual data recording, including UPTD Puskesmas Tiga Balata. Manual systems can lead to recording errors, reporting delays, and difficulties in data integration. This study aims to design and develop a web-based health information system using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method, which emphasizes fast iterations between developers and users. The research involved stages of requirements planning, system design, construction, and cutover. The results indicate that the developed system successfully facilitates patient registration, medical procedure recording, medication management, and accurate health reporting. The system was tested using the Blackbox method and user satisfaction evaluation, showing that the system functions well and is accepted by users. In conclusion, this system improves operational efficiency, data accuracy, and simplifies health reporting, and can serve as a model for other community health centers in developing their information systems. Keywords: Information System, Puskesmas, Website, Rapid Application Development (RAD), Service Efficiency Abstrak: Pelayanan kesehatan yang efektif dan efisien sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat. Namun, banyak puskesmas (pusat kesehatan masyarakat) masih mengandalkan pencatatan data manual, termasuk UPTD Puskesmas Tiga Balata. Sistem manual dapat menyebabkan kesalahan pencatatan, keterlambatan pelaporan, dan kesulitan dalam integrasi data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan sistem informasi kesehatan berbasis web menggunakan metode Rapid Application Development (RAD), yang menekankan iterasi cepat antara pengembang dan pengguna. Penelitian ini melibatkan tahapan perencanaan kebutuhan, desain sistem, konstruksi, dan transisi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang dikembangkan berhasil memfasilitasi pendaftaran pasien, pencatatan prosedur medis, manajemen pengobatan, dan pelaporan kesehatan yang akurat. Sistem ini diuji menggunakan metode Blackbox dan evaluasi kepuasan pengguna, menunjukkan bahwa sistem berfungsi dengan baik dan diterima oleh pengguna. Kesimpulannya, sistem ini meningkatkan efisiensi operasional, akurasi data, dan menyederhanakan pelaporan kesehatan, serta dapat menjadi model bagi puskesmas lain dalam mengembangkan sistem informasi mereka. Kata kunci: Sistem Informasi, Puskesmas, Website, Pengembangan Aplikasi Cepat (RAD), Efisiensi Layanan  

Abstract: This study aims to determine influence of both the KIP-K scholarship and learning motivation on the academic achievement of economics students at Medan State University, classes of 2022 and 2023. This research applies a quantitative approach with a causal-associative design. The population consists of 93 students selected through a total sampling technique (census), whereby all population members serve as research respondents. Data collection techniques include structured Likert-scale questionnaires for the learning motivation variable, alongside documentary recordings of real numbers (ratio scale) for the nominal amount of the KIP-K scholarship and the latest Cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA). The data analysis techniques comprise classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, partial hypothesis testing (t-test), simultaneous hypothesis testing (F-test), and the coefficient of determination (R2) using SPSS software. The results indicate that: (1) the KIP-K scholarship partially has no significant influence on students' academic achievement, as indicated by a t value= -0.505 and a significance value of 0.615 > 0.05. (2) learning motivation partially has a positive and significant influence on students' academic achievement, as demonstrated by a t value = 2.615 and a significance value of 0.010 < 0.05. (3) Simultaneously, the KIP-K scholarship and learning motivation have a significant influence on students' academic achievement, with an f value = 3.420 and a significance value of 0.037 < 0.05. The coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.071 indicates that the variation in students' academic achievement (GPA) explained by both independent variables is 7.1%, while the remaining 92.9% is explained by other factors outside this research model. This study concludes that financial scholarship assistance plays a vital role as an economic safety net, yet internal learning motivation remains the primary driving engine in determining students' academic achievement in higher education. Keywords: KIP-K Scholarship, Learning Motivation, Academic Achievement.   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Beasiswa KIP kuliah dan motivasi belajar terhadap Prestasi belajar mahasiswa jurusan ekonomi Universitas Negeri Medan angkatan 2022 dan 2023. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan inferensial. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 93 mahasiswa yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh (sensus), sehingga seluruh anggota populasi dijadikan sebagai responden penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur skala likert untuk variabel motivasi belajar, serta pencatatan angka riil (skala rasio) untuk nominal beasiswa KIP kuliah dan nilai Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif (IPK) terbaru. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linear berganda, uji parsial (uji t), uji simultan (uji F), dan koefisien determinasi (R2) berbantuan perangkat lunak SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) beasiswa KIP kuliah secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa, ditunjukkan oleh nilai t hitung = -0,505 dan nilai signifikansi (0,615 > 0,05). (2) motivasi belajar secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa, ditunjukkan oleh nilai t hitung = 2,615 dan nilai signifikansi (0,010 < 0,05). (3) Secara simultan, beasiswa KIP kuliah dan motivasi belajar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa dengan nilai f hitung = 3,420 dan nilai signifikansi (0,037 < 0,05). Nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,071 menunjukkan bahwa variasi prestasi belajar mahasiswa yang dapat dijelaskan oleh kedua variabel independen tersebut adalah sebesar 7,1%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 92,9% dijelaskan oleh faktor-faktor lain di luar model penelitian ini. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bantuan finansial beasiswa berperan penting sebagai jaring pengaman (safety net) ekonomi, namun motivasi belajar internal tetap menjadi motor penggerak utama dalam menentukan capaian prestasi akademik mahasiswa di perguruan tinggi. Kata kunci: Beasiswa KIP Kuliah; Motivasi Belajar; Prestasi Belajar.

Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that requires long-term management through adherence to therapy to prevent complications. One effort to improve adherence to therapy in DM patients is through Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME), which aims to improve patients' knowledge, skills, and abilities in performing self-care. This study aims to determine the effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) on adherence to therapy in Diabetes Mellitus patients at the Internal Medicine Polyclinic of Sembiring Deli Tua General Hospital. This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test approach. The study population was all Diabetes Mellitus patients who were treated at the Internal Medicine Polyclinic of Sembiring Deli Tua General Hospital, with a sample of 40 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used was the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) to measure the level of adherence to therapy before and after the DSME intervention. Data analysis was performed using a paired t-test or Wilcoxon test according to the results of the normality test. The results showed that before the DSME intervention, most respondents were in the non-adherent category, as many as 28 respondents (70.0%). After being given the DSME intervention, there was an increase in therapy compliance with 33 respondents (82.5%) being in the compliant category. The results of the statistical test showed a significant influence between the provision of DSME on therapy compliance in Diabetes Mellitus patients. The conclusion of this study is that Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) has a significant effect on increasing therapy compliance in Diabetes Mellitus patients, so that DSME can be applied as a nursing intervention to improve DM management and prevent complications. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME), Compliance Therapy   Abstrak: Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit kronis yang memerlukan pengelolaan jangka panjang melalui kepatuhan terhadap terapi guna mencegah terjadinya komplikasi. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan terapi pasien DM adalah melalui Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME), yang bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan kemampuan pasien dalam melakukan perawatan mandiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) terhadap kepatuhan terapi pada pasien Diabetes Melitus di Poli Penyakit Dalam Rumah Sakit Umum Sembiring Deli Tua.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre-eksperimental dengan pendekatan one group pre-test dan post-test. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pasien Diabetes Melitus yang berobat di Poli Penyakit Dalam RSU Sembiring Deli Tua, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 40 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Diabetes Self Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) untuk mengukur tingkat kepatuhan terapi sebelum dan sesudah pemberian intervensi DSME. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji paired t-test atau uji Wilcoxon sesuai dengan hasil uji normalitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum diberikan intervensi DSME, sebagian besar responden berada pada kategori tidak patuh sebanyak 28 responden (70,0%). Setelah diberikan intervensi DSME, terjadi peningkatan kepatuhan terapi dengan 33 responden (82,5%) berada pada kategori patuh. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara pemberian DSME terhadap kepatuhan terapi pasien Diabetes Melitus.Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kepatuhan terapi pasien Diabetes Melitus, sehingga DSME dapat diterapkan sebagai salah satu intervensi keperawatan untuk meningkatkan pengelolaan DM dan mencegah komplikasi. Kata kunci: Diabetes Melitus, Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME), Kepatuhan Terapi

Abstract: This paper scrutinizes the commercial evolution of spiritual healing methodologies (Thibb al-Ruhani), as elucidated in Shaykh Muhammad Haqqi al-Nazili’s seminal text, Khazinat al-Asrar Jalilat al-Adzkar (1869). The identified research deficiency is characterized by the limited examination of public law concerning esoteric practices that have historically been segregated from contemporary administrative law frameworks. The imperative for this inquiry arises from the urgent necessity for consumer protection and legal definiteness to alleviate malpractice and religious deception through procedural instruments of state administrative law. Utilizing a normative-legal framework accompanied by statutory and conceptual methodologies, this study elucidates that internal textual rituals embody material actions (feitelijk handelen) that are obligated to adhere to the standards of Procedural Administrative Law. The licensing framework established through Traditional Healer Registration Certificates (STPT) and the Principle of Carefulness are pivotal mechanisms for preserving public order while avoiding the distortion of religious tenets. The innovative aspect encompasses a transformative reconstruction through an adaptive-hybrid "Procedural Metaphysical Administrative Law Standardization Methodology." In conclusion, Procedural Administrative Law functions as the paramount legal foundation, subordinating fluctuating metaphysical realities into unequivocal governance assurance for the protection of public welfare. Keywords: Legal Certainty, Procedural Administrative Law, Thibb al-Ruhani, Traditional Healers. Abstrak: Penelitian ini menganalisis fenomena transformasi praktik pengobatan spiritual (Thibb al-Ruhani) berbasis manuskrip klasik Khazinat al-Asrar Jalilat al-Adzkar karya Syaikh Muhammad Haqqi al-Nazili (1869) yang kini bermutasi menjadi layanan publik komersial. Celah penelitian diidentifikasi pada minimnya tinjauan hukum publik terhadap praktik esoteris yang selama ini cenderung terisolasi dari dinamika hukum administrasi modern. Urgensi studi ini terletak pada kebutuhan mendesak akan perlindungan konsumen dan kepastian hukum guna memitigasi risiko malapraktik serta penipuan berkedok agama melalui instrumen hukum administrasi negara yang bersifat prsedural. Menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa prosedur ritual internal dalam teks klasik merupakan tindakan material (feitelijk handelen) yang wajib tunduk pada standar Hukum Administrasi Negara (HAN) Prosedural. Pembahasan mengungkap bahwa mekanisme perizinan melalui Surat Terdaftar Penyehat Tradisional (STPT) dan penerapan Asas Kecermatan menjadi instrumen esensial dalam menjaga ketertiban umum tanpa mendistorsi dogma keagamaan. Kebaharuan penelitian ini terletak pada tawaran rekonstruksi radikal melalui "Metodologi Standardisasi HAN Metafisika Prosedural" yang adaptif-hibrida. Disimpulkan bahwa HAN Prosedural berfungsi sebagai jangkar legalitas tertinggi yang mampu menundukkan ketidakpastian realitas metafisika ke dalam kepastian hukum tata pemerintahan yang absolut demi keselamatan masyarakat. Kata kunci: HAN Prosedural, Kepastian Hukum, Penyehat Tradisional, Thibb al-Ruhani.

This study aims to see the positive impact of the color mixing experiment method on improving cognitive aspects in early childhood. The problem that occurs is that children aged 4-5 years (Grade A) of Pertiwi Flamboyan Mintobasuki Pati Kindergarten still have difficulty in naming the colors resulting from mixing two types of colors. Classroom Action Research is carried out in two cycles. The subjects in this study were 9 children in the 4-5 year age group of Class A of Pertiwi Flamboyan Mintobasuki Pati Kindergarten in the 2025/2026 Academic Year. From this study, it shows that the experimental method of mixing colors can effectively improve children's ability to recognize colors. In addition, it turns out that the experimental method of mixing colors can also stimulate curiosity, creativity, and critical thinking skills in children. The percentage of the ability to recognize colors with a BSB assessment (very well developed) in the initial conditions (pre-cycle) was 11% or as many as 1 child, then in cycle I the percentage increased to 26% or as many as 2 children. And activities in cycle II the percentage of increased development of cognitive aspects of color mixing increased to 81.7% or as many as 8 children who obtained very well-developed results (BSB) and were able to achieve the predetermined indicators.

Abstract: Lung disease classification based on Chest X-Ray (CXR) images has become an important focus in the development of deep learning for medical imaging. However, most modern classification models still rely heavily on large amounts of labeled data, while medical image annotation requires radiology experts, high costs, and considerable time. This study aims to implement a self-supervised learning approach based on contrastive learning for lung disease classification on CXR images using the CheXpert dataset under limited labeled data conditions. The research stages include data preprocessing, image augmentation, self-supervised pretraining, fine-tuning, and model evaluation using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. The dataset was divided into 70% training data and 30% testing data. The experimental results showed that the model achieved an accuracy of 0.87, precision of 0.87, recall of 0.84, and F1-score of 0.85. These results indicate that the self-supervised learning approach is capable of utilizing unlabeled data to generate robust visual representations and improve lung disease classification performance under limited labeled data conditions. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more efficient deep learning-based medical image analysis systems with reduced dependency on medical annotations. Keywords: Chest X-Ray, Self-Supervised Learning, Contrastive Learning, Deep Learning, Lung Disease Classification.   Abstrak: Klasifikasi penyakit paru berbasis citra CXR menjadi salah satu fokus penting dalam pengembangan deep learning pada bidang pencitraan medis. Namun, sebagian besar model klasifikasi modern masih bergantung pada data berlabel dalam jumlah besar, sedangkan proses anotasi citra medis membutuhkan tenaga ahli radiologi, biaya tinggi, dan waktu yang panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menerapkan pendekatan self-supervised learning berbasis contrastive learning untuk klasifikasi penyakit paru pada citra CXR menggunakan dataset CheXpert dengan kondisi data berlabel terbatas. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pra-pemrosesan data, augmentasi citra, self-supervised pretraining, fine-tuning, dan evaluasi model menggunakan metrik accuracy, precision, recall, dan F1-score. Dataset dibagi menggunakan rasio 70% data pelatihan dan 30% data pengujian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model mampu menghasilkan nilai accuracy sebesar 0.87, precision 0.87, recall 0.84, dan F1-score 0.85. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan self-supervised learning mampu memanfaatkan data tidak berlabel untuk menghasilkan representasi visual yang robust dan meningkatkan performa klasifikasi penyakit paru pada kondisi data berlabel terbatas. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mendukung pengembangan sistem analisis citra medis berbasis deep learning yang lebih efisien terhadap kebutuhan anotasi medis. Kata Kunci: Chest X-Ray, Self-Supervised Learning, Contrastive Learning, Deep Learning, Klasifikasi Penyakit Paru.