Portal Jurnal Ilmiah
Goretan Pena

Regulations on restitution for victims of abuse in Indonesia are normatively available and reinforced through Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2022. However, their implementation remains inconsistent, particularly in practice, such as at the Stabat Court, where judges tend not to optimally utilize their freedom and independence in imposing restitution and remain formalistic and cautious. This research applies a normative legal approach because, to address the formulated problem, the primary focus is on literature review or the use of secondary data. The normative legal approach places greater emphasis on the use of secondary data and identifies structural and cultural barriers, including a lack of coordination among law enforcement officials, difficulties in proving victims' losses, victims' low understanding of the right to restitution, and a judicial system that still emphasizes punishment of perpetrators rather than victim recovery. Restitution is a crucial instrument that serves not only as compensation but also as a means of comprehensive recovery. Therefore, strengthening its implementation and the active role of judges are necessary to achieve a more effective balance of justice between perpetrators and victims.

Medan City Customs and Excise Supervision and Services (KPPBC) in the implementation of Bonded Zone facilities as an instrument for increasing investment and strengthening the competitiveness of national industry. The problem in this study focuses on how the implementation of services and supervision of Bonded Zone facilities by KPPBC Medan City and various legal and administrative challenges faced in supporting increased investment. Although Bonded Zone facilities provide various fiscal incentives and procedural conveniences that are proven to be able to increase exports and attract investment, there are still obstacles in the form of complexity of supervision, lack of synchronization of legal regulations, lack of norms related to inspection and assistance mechanisms, limited supervisory resources, and potential injustice for industries outside the Bonded Zone. The research method used is normative legal research with an approach to legal principles, legal systematics, legal synchronization, and laws and regulations related to Bonded Zones. The results of the study indicate that KPPBC Medan City has carried out its service and supervision role quite effectively through the provision of fiscal facilities, simplification of electronic-based customs procedures, fast licensing services, technical assistance to business actors, and risk management-based supervision. This policy has had a positive impact on company operational efficiency, increased exports, and investment growth in Medan City. However, various challenges remain, including regulatory inconsistencies, legal gaps in certain oversight mechanisms, limited resources, and the need for a more balanced oversight model that balances facilitation and law enforcement functions. Therefore, strengthening regulatory harmonization, improving the quality of assistance, optimizing inter-agency coordination, and developing risk-based oversight are necessary to create legal certainty and a more conducive investment climate.  

The research was motivated by the researcher's interest in improving students' mathematical concept understanding at MTS Ar-Rasyid. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the GeoGebra-Assisted TaRL approach on the problem-solving abilities at VIIIth-grade students of MTS Ar-Rasyid. This study used a quasi-experimental approach with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The population are all VIIIth-grade students of MTS Ar-Rasyid. The subjects are students at VIIIth-A class  as the experimental class using the GeoGebra-Assisted TaRL approach and VIIIth-B class as the control class using the direct learning model. The materials used in this study were cubes and cuboids. After completing the learning, a posttest was given with an average result of the experimental class of 75,6000 and the control class of 58,6400. The results of the t-test obtained     then  was accepted, thus a significant influence was obtained by using the TaRL approach Assisted by the Geogebra Application on the Mathematical Concept Understanding Ability of Students at VIIIth grade students of MTS Ar-Rasyid.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of using LAPS Heuristic-based E-LKPD on students’ learning outcomes. The research applied a quantitative approach with a pretest-posttest design. The sample of this study consisted of 36 students. Data were collected through a pretest administered before the implementation of the E-LKPD and a posttest conducted after the implementation of the LAPS Heuristic-based E-LKPD. The obtained data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test to determine the differences in learning outcomes before and after the treatment. The findings revealed that the average pretest score was 69.36, while the average posttest score increased to 92.47. The statistical analysis showed that the value of , whereas the value of at the 5% significance level. Since the value of was higher than , H₀ was rejected and H₁ was accepted. These results indicate that the use of LAPS Heuristic-based E-LKPD had a significant effect on improving students’ learning outcomes. Therefore, the LAPS Heuristic-based E-LKPD was considered effective for use in the learning process.

The aims of this study is to determine the effect of the Treffinger Learning model assisted by the Wordwall application on the mathematical problem-solving abilities of students at SMA N 1 Air Batu. This study is a quasi-experimental study with a Two Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population in this study was  the entire tenth grade, consisting of five classes. The sample consisted of two classes (Xth-1 and Xth-2) selected using cluster random sampling. Xth-1 class served as the control class using the conventional learning model, while Xth-2 class served as the control class using the Treffinger Learning model. After the instruction is completed, a posttest is conducted, showing the average results for the experimental 53,793 and control classes 40,459. The t-test results tcount = 8,057>ttable=2,003 so Ho is rejected and H1 accepted, indicating the influence of the Treffinger Learning model assisted by the Wordwall application on the mathematical problem-solving abilities of students at SMA N 1 Air Batu.

The study aims to develop a guided inquiry-based teaching module assisted by GeoGebra on the Conceptual Understanding of Quadratic Functions at Xth grade Students of Mas Al-Mukhlisin Tanjung Tiram. This research is a Research and Development (R&D) study using the 4-D development model, which includes the stages of Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate. The instruments used in this study include validation, teacher and student response questionnaires, and a conceptual understanding test. Based on the validator's assessment results, the developed open module obtained a validity value of 86%, categorized as very valid. The results of the practicality of the teaching module based on the teacher's response questionnaire were 100% and students were 83,17%, categorized as very practical. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the teaching module, as seen from the concept comprehension ability test, obtained a value of 80%, categorized as effective. Thus, the guided inquiry-based teaching module assisted by GeoGebra on the quadratic function material at Xth grade is declared suitable for use in learning because it has met the criteria of valid, practical, and effective.

This study examines the effects of implementing Problem-Based Learning (PBL)-based worksheets integrated with Batak culture on students’ mathematical critical reasoning skills. A quantitative approach was used with a one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design. The research subjects were students in class XI-1 at SMAN 1 Air Putih, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted using an essay test. The analysis included a paired t-test, a normality test, and an N-gain analysis. The results showed that the data were normally distributed (pretest 0.293; posttest 0.356). The t-test yielded a significance level of 0.001 (<0.05), indicating a significant effect. The N-gain value of 0.67 falls into the moderate category, indicating an improvement in ability. Thus, PBL-based worksheets integrated with Batak culture are effective in developing students’ mathematical critical reasoning.  

The rapid advancement of digital technology has placed the government in the position of a large-scale personal data controller through various E-Government platforms and public service applications. However, the government's capacity to protect this data has proven inadequate, as demonstrated by several major data breach incidents involving national platforms such as the Temporary National Data Center (PDNS) in 2024, Satu Sehat, and DPMPTSP Online. This research aims to analyze the civil liability of government agencies as personal data controllers in cases of personal data breaches, viewed through the framework of Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection (UU PDP) and Law Number 30 of 2014 on Government Administration (UU AP). The research method employed is normative juridical (doctrinal legal research) through a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, with primary legal materials drawn from the aforementioned laws and secondary materials from scientific articles and relevant legal textbooks. The findings indicate that the government, as a public body and personal data controller under UU PDP, can be held civilly liable when a data breach occurs due to negligence or unlawful acts in data management. Civil liability may arise through two mechanisms: the unlawful act (onrechtmatige overheidsdaad) mechanism under Article 1365 of the Civil Code, and the administrative court (PTUN) mechanism under UU AP. However, implementation faces significant obstacles, including the absence of government implementing regulations for UU PDP, fragmentation of supervisory authority, the absence of standardized compensation mechanisms, and limited institutional capacity. This research concludes that comprehensive regulatory harmonization, the establishment of a strong Personal Data Protection Authority, and the development of fast, accessible compensation procedures are urgently needed to realize effective legal protection for citizens' personal data.

This study aims to analyze the role of work engagement in mediating the effect of digital transformation of human resource management (HRM) on employee performance in SMEs in Medan City. This research employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory design. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 SME employees using purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS software. The results indicate that digital transformation of HRM has a positive and significant effect on work engagement and employee performance. Work engagement also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, work engagement significantly mediates the relationship between digital transformation of HRM and employee performance with partial mediation. These findings suggest that the success of digital transformation in improving employee performance depends not only on the implementation of technology but also on the level of employee work engagement. This study contributes theoretically to the development of digital HRM literature and provides practical implications for SMEs in managing human resources more effectively in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the effect of digital marketing capability on SME performance with market agility as a mediating variable. The research employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory design. The population consists of SME actors in Kecamatan Medan Kota, with a sample of 100 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires using a Likert scale and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that digital marketing capability has a positive and significant effect on both SME performance and market agility. Market agility also has a significant positive effect on SME performance. Furthermore, market agility mediates the relationship between digital marketing capability and SME performance with partial mediation. These findings suggest that digital marketing capability will be more effective in improving SME performance when supported by the ability to adapt to market changes. This study contributes to the business management literature and provides practical implications for SME actors in optimizing adaptive digital marketing strategies to enhance business performance.

Intercepting a highly maneuvering moving target remains a difficult planning problem because the target may change heading, accelerate, halt, or reverse without warning, while the pursuer only receives noisy position observations. This study proposes the Adaptive Pursuit Route Algorithm (APRA), an interception path-planning method that combines short-horizon target-state estimation, time-to-go aim-point projection, dynamically weighted cost terms, and a bounded residual that is learned online from past prediction errors. APRA is evaluated against three classical pursuit laws-Pure Pursuit, Proportional Navigation (PN), and Augmented PN (APN)-on a physics-based synthetic dataset of 3,200 trajectories spanning eight motion regimes, yielding 12,800 engagements. APRA attains the best result on every metric: an interception rate of 90.91% (95% CI 0.899-0.919), the shortest mean interception time (9.65 s), the lowest mean prediction error (8.73 units), the highest path efficiency (0.798), and the lowest control energy (48,022). One-way ANOVA confirms that the differences in time, energy, and prediction error are statistically significant (p < 0.001), and a Welch t-test shows APRA is significantly faster than APN (t = -14.48, p < 0.001). The results indicate that disciplined filtering combined with bounded online adaptation is more robust against deceptive and abrupt maneuvers than raw lead-based guidance.

This study was designed to improve student learning engagement using the Make a Match cooperative learning model for students at Tanjungbalai Polytechnic. The learning engagement in this study focused on physical and mental engagement. This study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR), where the lecturer acted as the learning implementer while the researcher acted as the observer. The design of the study employed the Kemmis and Mc. Taggart model. This study was conducted in the even semester. The subjects were students at Tanjungbalai Polytechnic. The object of the study was the participants' learning engagement, and data collection techniques used observation and interviews. The data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tables and graphs. The results showed an increase in student learning engagement in siklus I, reaching 80.10% (good category), and then in siklus II, increasing to 90.10% (very good category). This represents a 9.54% increase. Therefore, the use of the Make a Match cooperative learning model in courses at Tanjungbalai Polytechnic is

The mental health of final year students is an important aspect in the world of higher education, especially in facing the demands of completing a thesis at the Faculty of Engineering, Asahan University. However, until now there is no system that can help assess students' mental health levels in a structured and automatic manner. Therefore, this research aims to design and build an expert system application using the Sugeno Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) method based on PHP and MySQL to assess the mental health level of final year students. The data used in this research was obtained through distributing questionnaires to final year students at the Faculty of Engineering, Asahan University. The variables used include stress intensity, sleep quality, academic load, and social interaction. The data obtained was 99 final year student respondents. The data processing was carried out using the FIS Sugeno method by forming fuzzy sets, membership functions, and 81 fuzzy rules to produce students' mental health levels. Based on the results of system testing, the FIS Sugeno method was successfully applied to automatically assess students' mental health levels. The system is capable of carrying out data input processes, fuzzification, fuzzy inference, and producing assessment output quickly and in a structured manner. The benefit of this research is that it helps provide an initial picture of the mental health conditions of final year students so that it can be taken into consideration in efforts to treat and assist students.

The assessment of student visit satisfaction at the Asahan University library is currently influenced by various uncertainty factors from each individual, making it difficult to measure objectively using the existing system. This study aims to build a more measurable classification system using the Fuzzy Sugeno logic method. The system is evaluated using four input parameters with a value range of 0 to 100, namely service quality, facilities, environmental comfort, and ease of information access, to generate an output variable divided into dissatisfied, satisfied, and very satisfied categories. Based on the test results, inputting a service quality value of 85, facilities 85, environmental comfort 55, and ease of information access 55 produced a recommendation value of 54.285, which was successfully classified linguistically into the "Satisfied" category. The application of the Fuzzy Sugeno method is proven to provide an accurate assessment, which is expected to assist library management in evaluating services and making strategic decisions for future quality improvements.

The study aims to analyze the effect of the Discovery Learning model assisted by the interactive media Quizizz on students' critical thinking skills in mathematics at SMK Swasta Al-Ma'shum Sidodadi. The main background of this study is the low level of students' critical thinking skills in solving complex problems. The research method used was a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. The research sample consisted of the experimental class (Xth-2) implementing the Discovery Learning model assisted by Quizizz and the control class (Xth-1) using direct learning. Data were collected through a critical thinking skills test in the form of essay questions measuring indicators of interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference. The results of the data analysis showed a significant increase in the average critical thinking skills in the experimental class (80.65) compared to the control class (66.41). Hypothesis testing using an Independent Samples T-Test in SPSS 20 yielded a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. These findings confirm that the integration of the discovery learning model with the Quizizz gamification media has a significant positive impact on improving students' critical thinking skills.

The rapid development of information technology has encouraged the healthcare sector to utilize data as a basis for faster, more precise, and effective decision-making. One of the largest data sources in the healthcare sector is BPJS (Social Security Administration for Health) patient data, which includes medical history, examination results, previous medical procedures, and medication use. This data is a critical asset that, when properly managed and analyzed, can assist hospitals and healthcare facilities in determining appropriate medical interventions for patients. The purpose of this study was to design and develop an application for prioritizing medical procedures for BPJS patients in, using the KNN method, the PHP programming language, and a MySQL database. The data used in this study were BPJS patient visit data. Based on test results at various levels of K=3, K=5, and K=7, the data demonstrated very high consistency. Even though the K value (number of nearest neighbors) was increased from 3 to 7, the final classification results still showed a predominance of the Medium Priority category. With a KNN-based classification system, medical personnel no longer need to manually assess each patient.

The assessment of student satisfaction regarding educational facilities at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Asahan, has been subjective and limited to manual recapitulation. This study aims to implement a web-based Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm (using PHP and MySQL) to group student satisfaction levels more objectively. This study uses primary data obtained from questionnaires given to 200 respondents. Based on the computational testing results, the FCM algorithm successfully reached convergence and grouped the data into three clusters. From a total of 200 data, 89 respondents were in the Dissatisfied cluster (C1), 64 respondents in the Moderately Satisfied cluster (C2), and 47 respondents in the Satisfied cluster (C3). This system is also capable of grouping qualitative data in the form of student suggestions according to their clusters. This implementation is proven effective in generating accurate information as a comprehensive evaluation report for faculty leaders to prioritize eduacational facility improvements.

Gender change is a legal phenomenon that has generated debate in the Indonesian legal system, particularly regarding the recognition of legal identity for applicants after gender transition. The main problem in this study lies in the absence of legal regulations that specifically and comprehensively regulate the procedures, requirements, and legal consequences of gender change, resulting in disparities in court decisions. This study aims to analyze the legal vacuum related to gender change in Indonesia, the legal consequences of determining gender change on population administration, and to comparatively analyze the judges' considerations in Decision Number: 195/Pdt.P/2021/PN.Jkt.Utr and Decision Number 30/Pdt.P/2022/PN.Pwt. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The research results show that the regulation of gender reassignment in Indonesia is still limited to aspects of population administration, as stipulated in Article 56 paragraph (1) of Law Number 23 of 2006 concerning Population Administration in conjunction with Law Number 24 of 2013. The absence of substantive regulations causes judges to rely on legal findings in deciding gender reassignment requests. The legal consequences of gender reassignment include changes in population identity, civil legal status, and implications for marriage and inheritance. In Decision Number 195/Pdt.P/2021/PN.Jkt.Utr, the judge used a progressive, human rights-based approach, resulting in the granting of the request. Whereas in Decision Number 30/Pdt.P/2022/PN.Pwt, the judge used a normative, moral, and religious approach, resulting in the rejection of the request. This disparity demonstrates the lack of legal certainty regarding gender reassignment in Indonesia.

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of customer experience on customer loyalty at PT. KAI Divre I North Sumatra. This study uses a quantitative approach with a simple linear regression method. The research sample consisted of 209 customers who had used the services of PT. KAI Divre I North Sumatra at least twice, with the sampling technique using the accidental sampling method. The results of the analysis indicate that there is a significant influence between customer experience and customer loyalty. Based on the hypothesis test using simple linear regression, a significance value of p<0.001 (p<0.05) wasa obtained, so the hypothesis in this study was accepted. The regression equation is known as Y=12.051+0.627X, which means that every 1 point increase in the customer experience variable will increase customer loyalty by 0.627. the coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.753 indicates that customer experience contributes 75.3% to customer loyalty, while 24.7% is influenced by other factors outside the study. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the empirical average of customer loyalty (65.21) is higher than the hypothetical average (47.5), while the empirical average of customer experience (84.72) is also higher than the hypothetical average (62.5). this indicates that customer loyalty is in the medium category, while customer experience is in the high category. Based on these results, it can be concluded that customer experience is a crucial factor in increasing customer loyalty at PT. KAI Divre I North Sumatra.   Keywords: Customer Experience, Customer Loyalty, PT. KAI. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh customer experience terhadap loyalitas pelanggan pada PT. KAI Divre I Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode regresi linear sederhana. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 209 pelanggan yang telah menggunakan layanan PT. KAI Divre I Sumatera Utara minimal dua kali, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode accidental sampling. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara customer experience terhadap loyalitas pelanggan. Berdasarkan uji hipotesis menggunakan regresi linear sederhana, diperoleh nilai signifikansi p < 0,001 (p < 0,05), sehingga hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima. Diketahui persamaan regresi Y = 12,051+0,627X, yang berarti setiap kenaikan 1 poin pada variabel customer experience akan meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan sebesar 0,627. Nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,753 menunjukkan bahwa customer experience memberikan kontribusi sebesar 75,3% terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, sedangkan 24,7% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar penelitian. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata empiris loyalitas pelanggan (65,21) lebih tinggi dibandingkan rata-rata hipotetik (47,5), sedangkan rata-rata empiris customer experience (84,72) juga lebih tinggi dibandingkan rata rata hipotetik (62,5). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa loyalitas pelanggan berada pada kategori sedang, sementara customer experience berada pada kategori tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa customer experience merupakan faktor penting dalam meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan pada PT. KAI Divre I Sumatera Utara.   Kata Kunci: Customer Experience, Loyalitas Pelanggan, PT. KAI

  Higher education institutions are required to produce graduates who are competitive in the job market, yet tracer study data is often analyzed only descriptively, leaving deeper patterns unexplored. This study proposes an integrated approach combining Random Forest, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations), and fairness evaluation to analyze alumni career outcomes. Data were sourced from the 2024 tracer study of Universitas Royal, comprising 466 alumni records with a binary target variable indicating employment status. Preprocessing included missing value handling, one-hot encoding, and stratified train-test splitting with an 80:20 ratio. Class imbalance was addressed using the class_weight='balanced' parameter. The Random Forest model achieved an accuracy of 95.7%, F1-score of 0.946, and AUC-ROC of 0.938, significantly outperforming the dummy baseline of 58.5%. Cross-validation across five folds yielded a mean accuracy of 96.4%, confirming model stability. SHAP analysis revealed that features related to educational level appropriateness and relevance of study field to current occupation were the most dominant predictors. Fairness evaluation per study program showed minimal performance disparity between Sistem Informasi (94.7%) and Sistem Komputer (100%), indicating no significant predictive bias. This framework demonstrates that explainable and fair machine learning can serve as a reliable foundation for evidence-based academic policy making